58o APPENDIX E COURTESY TITLES The practice generally prevailing in the use of courtesy titles, though somewhat uncertain, appears to be as under, (i) The style oi the heir ap, (though his rank is always that of the next lowest grade in the Peerage to that enjoyed by the actual Peer) is in no case higher than that of the secondary Peerage vested in such Peer; e.g. the style of the h. ap. of the Duke of Grafton is (though ranking as a Marquess) Earl of Euston; that of the h. ap. of the Marquess of Bath is (though ranking as an Earl) Viscount Weymouth; that of the h. ap. of the Earl of Derby is (though ranking as a Viscount) Lord Stanley; there being no Marquessate vested in that Duke, no Earldom in that Marquess, and no Viscountcy in that Earl. So, also, the h. ap. of the Earl of Warwick is styled Lord Brooke, though up to the time of George Greville, h. ap. of the 2nd Earl, the courtesy title used seems to have been Lord Greville. A still stronger instance in point is that of the Dukedom of Somerset, of which the h. ap. (there being no secondary title of higher grade than a Barony vested in that Dukedom) is (though ranking as Marquess) 5/j/,?^(merely) "Lord Seymour." (2) When the designation of the secondary Peerage vested in the actual Peer is the same as that of his principal title, the rank of the secondary title is, in many cases, prefixed to the family surname, thus forming the style of the h. ap. ; e.g. the Earl of Belmore being a Viscount (Viscount Belmore) of the same designation as his Earldom, his h. ap. is styled "Viscount," not (indeed) "Viscount Belmore" (which would lead to confusion), but " Viscount Corry." (3) Where no secondary Peerage is vested in any Earl, Marquess, or Duke, the h. ap. is styled " Lord " before the family surname; e.g. in the case of the Earls of Huntingdon, of Devon, and of Lindsey (who are all so situated) the h. ap. of each is respectively styled "Lord (sometimes Viscount) Hastings," "Lord Courtenay," and "Lord Bertie." (4) When, in addition to a secondary Peerage of a lower grade, but of the same denomination as the principal title, there exists another Peerage of a different denomination, though of a still lower grade, this last is generally (as being an available Peerage title) made use of as the courtesy title ; e.g. in the case of the Duke of Manchester (Earl of Manchester and Viscount Mandeville) the h. ap. is styled (not " Earl of Manchester" or even Earl Montagu, but) Viscount Mandeville, and in that of the Marquess of Exeter (Earl of Exeter and Baron Burghley) the h. ap. is styled (not Earl Cecil, but) " Lord Burghley." (5) On the other hand, such secondary
