the underlying Cold Water.—The Arctic Return Currents.—Antarctic Indraught.—Vertical Distribution of Temperature in the North Atlantic Basin Page 350
CHAPTER IX.
THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA.
The Protozoa of the Deep Sea. Bathybius.—'Coccoliths' and 'Coccospheres.' — The Foraminifera of the Warm and Cold Areas.—Deep-sea Sponges.—The Hexactinellidæ.—Rossella.—Hyalonema. - Deep-sea Corals.—The Stalked Crinoids.—Pentacrinus.—Rhizocrinus.—Bathycrinus.—The Star-fishes of the Deep Sea.—The general Distribution and Relations of Deep-sea Urchins.—The Crustacea, the Molusca, and the Fishes of the 'Porcupine' expeditions Page 407
CHAPTER X.
THE CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK.
Points of Resemblance between the Atlantic Ooze and the White Chalk.—Differences between them.—Composition of Chalk.—The Doctrine of the Continuity of the Chalk.—Objections.—Arguments in favour of the View from Physical Geology and Geography.—Former Distribution of Sea and Land.—Palæontological Evidence.—Chalk-flints.—Modern Sponges and Ventriculites—Corals.—Echinoderms.—Mollusca.—Opinions of Professor Huxley and Mr. Prestwich.—The Composition of Sea-water.—Presence of Organic Matter.—Analysis of the contained Gases.—Differences of Specific Gravity.—Conclusion Page 467
Appendix A.—Summary of the Results of the Examination of Samples of Sea-water taken at the Surface and at various Depths. By William Lant Carpenter, B. A., B.Sc. Page 502
Appendix B.—Results of the Analyses of Eight Samples of Sea-water collected during the Third Cruise of the 'Porcupine.' By Dr. Frankland, F.R.S. Page 511
Appendix C.—Notes on Specimens of the Bottom collected during the First Cruise of the 'Porcupine' in 1869. By David Forbes, F.R.S. Page 514
Appendix D.—Note on the Carbonic Acid contained in Sea-water, By John Young Buchanan, M.A., Chemist to the 'Challenger' Expedition. Page 518
INDEX Page, 523
