door-posts of his house are sprinkled with the blood of a sacrificed
goat. He has charge of the public talismans and idols, which he feeds
with rice and oil every new moon ; and he sacrifices on behalf of the
town to the dead and to demons. Nominally his power is very great,
but in practice it is very limited; for he dare not defy public opinion,
and he is held responsible, even with his life, for any adversity that
befalls the country. It is expected of him that he should cause the
earth to bring forth abundantly, the people to be healthy, war to be
driven far away, and witchcraft to be kept in abeyance. His life is
trammelled by the observance of certain restrictions or taboos. Thus
he may not sleep in any house but his own official residence, which is
called the "anointed house" with reference to the ceremony of anointing him at inauguration. He may not drink water on the highway.
He may not eat while a corpse is in the town, and he may not mourn
for the dead. If he dies while in ofBce, he must be buried at dead of
night ; few may hear of his burial, and none may mourn for him when
his death is made public. Should he have fallen a victim to the poison
ordeal by drinking a decoction of sassywood, as it is called, he must
be buried under a running stream of water.
Among the Todas of Southern India the holy milkman, who acts as priest of the sacred dairy, is subject to a variety of irksome and burdensome restrictions during the whole time of his incumbency, which may last many years. Thus he must live at the sacred dairy and may never visit his home or any ordinary village. He must be celibate; if he is married he must leave his wife. On no account may any ordinary person touch the holy milkman or the holy dairy; such a touch would so defile his holiness that he would forfeit his office. It is only on two days a week, namely Mondays and Thursdays, that a mere layman may even approach the milkman; on other days if he has any business with him, he must stand at a distance (some say a quarter of a mile) and shout his message across the intervening space. Further, the holy milkman never cuts his hair or pares his nails so long as he holds office; he never crosses a river by a bridge, but wades through a ford and only certain fords; if a death occurs in his clan, he may not attend any of the funeral ceremonies, unless he first resigns his office and descends from the exalted rank of milk- man to that of a mere common mortal. Indeed it appears that in old days he had to resign the seals, or rather the pails, of office whenever any member of his clan departed this life. However, these heavy restraints are laid in their entirety only on milkmen of the very highest class.
§ 2. Divorce of the Spiritual from the Temporal Power.— The burdensome observances attached to the royal or priestly office produced their natural effect. Either men refused to accept the office, which hence tended to fall into abeyance; or accepting it, they sank under its weight into spiritless creatures, cloistered recluses, from whose nerveless fingers the reins of government slipped into the firmer grasp of men who were often content to wield the reality of sovereignty
