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CHAPTER II

BYZANTINE ART

 

(a) Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. x. 4; Vit. Const. iii. 48, 50; Procopius, de Ædificiis Justiniani, i. 1–3; Evagrius, Hist. Eccl. iv. 31.

(b) Fergusson, Handbook of Architecture, 1859; de Vogüé, Eglises de la Terre Sainte, 1860; Hübsch, Alt. Christ. Kirchen, 1862; Smith, Dict. Christ. Antiq., Articles: "Church," "Image," "Jesus Christ, Representations of"; Mrs. Jameson and Lady Eastlake, Hist. of our Lord … in Works of Art, 1864; Bayet, l'Art Byzantine, 1883; Leclerq, Manuel d'Archéologie Chrétienne, 1907.

 

The characteristics of Church life at this period are quite as clearly impressed upon its art as upon its literature. By studying the controversial writings of the time we may be able to gain some insight into the intellectual conditions of bishops and other leading theologians; but when we look at the churches, with their paintings and mosaics, many of which are still extant, or come to imagine what they are and were by means of plans, photographs, and descriptions, we are really brought much nearer to the actual lives of the men and women who constituted the mass of Christendom in these days of the Greek Empire. The iconoclastic controversy which broke out early in the eighth century has forced the attention of historians to one phase of this subject, and its importance cannot be weighed or its significance appreciated till we have before our minds' eye a vivid conception of the scenes amid which it moved. But more than that, we need to have some idea of the large place occupied by art in the Eastern Church in order to understand the life and character of the people who composed it. Dean Stanley pointed out that what music

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