would be to account for so much fuss being made about him and his treachery. But another theory is advocated by Mr. Butler, which, if it is adopted, will throw a very different light on the story. This is that the official with the barbarous name in the Arab chronicles is no one else than the well-known Cyrus, the Melchite patriarch of Alexandria. So astounding a conception is enough to take away our breath when it comes upon us for the first time. The reader must be referred to Mr. Butler's exhaustive examination of the whole case for an adequate appreciation of the evidence, which is cumulative.[1] The theory appears to have been originated by the Portuguese scholar Pereira. It starts from a statement of Severus of Ushmunaim, that "Cyrus was appointed by Heraclius after the recovery of Egypt from the Persians to be both patriarch and governor of Alexandria.[2] This is very significant. It points to a double office, and suggests the idea that the man who was at the same time at the head both of the civil and of the ecclesiastical establishments at Alexandria could really dominate Egypt. We can well understand the Arabian view of him. Then it is suggested that the strange title Mukaukas, that has given rise to so many conjectures, is derived from the word kaukasios[3] and indicates Cyrus, who came from Phasis in the Caucasus as a native of that district.[4] It is certain that Cyrus entered into early negotiations with the Mohammedan General Amr', promising him an annual tribute and the emperor's daughter Eudocia for his harem if he would withdraw his troops. Heraclius was in a rage when he heard of his official's daring proposal, and summoned him to Constantinople,
- ↑ The Arab Conquest of Egypt, Appendix c.
- ↑ See also Patrologia Orientalis, tome i. fasc. 4, "Hist, of Pat.": "When Heraclius obtained possession of the land, be appointed governors in every place, and he sent a governor to the land of Egypt named Cyrus, to be prefect and patriarch at the same time" (p. 489).
- ↑ καυκάσιος.
- ↑ Other suggested derivations are from καύκον, a supposed copper coin, and καυκίον, a little bowl; or perhaps the term is a dark allusion to vicious practices.
