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CONTENTS.
| CHAPTER III. | |
| Slaves of Sparta, Crete, Thessaly, &c. — The Helots. | |
| The Helots: — leading events of their History summed up. — Their Masters described. — The Spartans, their manners, customs and constitutions. — Distinguishing traits: severity, resolution and perseverance, treachery and craftiness. — Marriage. — Treatment of Infants. — Physical Education of Youth. — Their endurance of hardships. — The Helots: their origin; supposed to belong to the State; power of life and death over them; how subsisted; property acquired by them; their military service. — Plato, Aristotle, Isocrates, Plutarch and other writers convict the Spartans of barbarity towards them; the testimony of Myron on this point; instances of tyranny and cruelty. — Institution of the Crypteia; annual massacre of the Helots. — Terrible instance of treachery. — Bloody servile wars. — Sparta engaged in contests with her own vassals. — Relies upon foreign aid. — Earthquake, and vengeance of the Helots. — Constant source of terror to their masters. — Other classes of Slaves. — Their privileges and advancement. — Slavery in Crete: classes and condition. — Mild treatment. — Strange privileges during certain Festivals. — Slaves of Syracuse rebel and triumph. — The Arcadians | 38 |
| CHAPTER IV. | |
| Slavery in Rome. | |
| Slavery under the kings and in the early ages of the Republic. — Its spread, and effect on the poorer class of Freemen. — The Licinian law. — Prevalence of the two extremes, immense wealth and abject poverty. — Immense number of Slaves in Sicily. — They revolt. — Eunus, their leader. — Their arms. — Horrible atrocities committed by them. — The insurrection crushed. — Fate of Eunus. — Increase of Slaves in Rome. — Their employment in the arts. — Numbers trained for the Amphitheatre. — The Gladiators rebel. — Spartacus, his history. — Laws passed to restrain the cruelty of masters. — Effects of Christianity on their condition. — Their numbers increased by the invasion of northern hordes. — Sale of prisoners of war into slavery. — Slave-dealers follow the armies. — Foreign Slave-trade. — Slave auctions. — The Slave markets. — Value of Slaves at different periods. — Slaves owned by the State, and their condition and occupations. — Private Slaves, their grades and occupations. — Treatment of Slaves, publio and private. — Punishment of offenses. — Fugitives and Criminals. — Festival of Saturnus, their privileges. — Their dress. — Their sepulchres. — The Gladiators, their combats | 46 |
| CHAPTER V. | |
| Slavery in Rome. — Continued. | |
| Abstract of ihe laws in regard to Slavery. — Power of Life and Death. — Cruelty ol Masters. — Laws to protect the Slave. — Constitution of Antoninus: of Claudius. — Husband and Wife could not be separated; nor parents and children. — Slave could not contract marriage, nor own property. — His peculium, or private property, held only by usage. — Regulations in respect to it. — Master liable for damages for wrongful acts of his Slave. — The murderer of a Slave, liable for a capital offense, or for damages. — Fugitive Slaves, not lawfully harbored: to conceal them, theft. — Master entitled to pursue them. — Duties of the authorities. — Slave hunters. — Laws defining the condition of children born of Slaves. — Laws to reduce free persons to Slavery. — How the state of Slavery might be terminated; by manumission; by special enactments; what Slaves entitled to freedom. — Practice of giving liberty to Slaves in times of civil tumult and revolution. — Effects of Slavery under the Republic, and under the Empire | 55 |
