Arabian schools, and hence the Italian physicians became the restorers of surgery in modern Europe.
Lanfranc studied at Lyons, and removed to Paris A.D. 1295. He was opposed to lithotomy and the operations for hernia; and he disapproved the trepan, because more got well without it[1].
The revival of anatomy is marked by the work of Mundini, professor of Bologna, who in 1306 performed the first dissection of a human subject recorded in the Christian era.
Guy de Chauliac, physician to Pope Clement V., the last and best of the reformed school of Albucasis, practised first at Lyons, and afterwards at Avignon. Guido reduced surgery into a system in 1363, and gives a succinct history of the state of the profession in his time. He tells us that there were five sects. The lst, followers of Roger and the ‘‘Quatre Maitres’’[2] who applied poultices to all wounds indifferently; 2nd, those of Brunus and Theodoric, who in the same cases used wine only; 3rd, those of Guglielmus de Saliceto and Lanfranc, who kept a middle way, and applied ointments and soft plasters; 4th, Germans, who attended the wars, and used charms, potions, oil, and wool; 5th, women, who in all distempers had recourse only to saints[3].
Guido first speaks of the removal of a portion of
