much greater number of young than in their turn grow up to propagate the race; (2) no two of the frequently many individuals of the same breed are exactly alike, although the differences may be hidden to our perception (this is quite true, because no two entities can live in absolutely the same place and conditions); (3) through heredity the offspring takes over the faculties and features of the parents; (4) what decides which of the many individuals (each one possessing some aberration or variation) are to live and to propagate the race?—obviously those individual variations which happen to make the lucky possessors most fit for the struggle for life.
So far, well; but the 'Neo-Darwinians' imagine that 'adaptation' is not the cause, but the result, the effect, of the formation of species. According to them, the species are neither adapted by, nor do they adapt themselves to, their surroundings. Adaptation is to them an accomplished fact, a condition which a
