months later, and deposed Anastasius (716), who escaped to Thessalonica and became a monk. He was a man of wisdom and experience, who attempted various reforms, and thereby excited the wrath of many who saw their person or property endangered.
ANASTASIUS. The name of four popes
and one antipope.—Anastasius I., Pope from
398 to about 402. He healed an unseemly strife
at Rome by ordering the priests as well as the
deacons to stand bowed while the Gospel was
read in the Church service. He was vehemently
opposed to the doctrines of Origen, one of whose
works (Peri Archon, i.e., Concerning Principles)
he condemned as heretical. He is praised by
Jerome, who calls him a man of a holy life, of a
“rich poverty,” and of an apostolic earnestness.
He died December, 401, or April, 402. His letters
and decretals are in Migne, Patrol. Lat., xx.—Anastasius II., Pope from 496 to 498. He was born
in Rome; consecrated Pope November 24, 496.
He endeavored to heal the breach with the Eastern Church, but the attempt was so ill-judged
that Dante puts him in hell. He died in November, 498. Two genuine letters of his are extant,
one informing Emperor Anastasius of his accession, the other congratulating Clovis on his
conversion to Christianity.—Anastasius III.,
Pope from 911 to 913. He was born in Rome.—Anastasius IV., Pope from 1153 to 1154. He
healed two important ecclesiastical quarrels by
recognizing Wichmann as Archbishop of Magdeburg, and William as Archbishop of York. He
died in Rome December 3, 1154. His letters are
in Migne, Patrol. Lat., clxxxviii.—The Antipope
Anastasius was opposed to Benedict III. in 855,
but speedily degraded.
ANASTASIUS THE LIBRA′RIAN (Bibliothecarius) (?-886). A librarian of the Vatican, and abbot of Sta. Maria Trans-Tiberim,
Rome. He was present in 869 at the eighth
Council of Constantinople, whose canons he
translated into Latin. He wrote a Historia Ecclesiastica (edited by Fabretti, 1649), and
the Liber Pontificalis, biographies of the popes
from St. Peter to Nicolas I.
ANAS′TOMO′SIS (Gk. ἀναστόμωσις, an opening of the mouth, from ἀνἀ, ana, again + στόμα,
stoma, mouth). An anatomical term used to
express the union of the vessels which carry
blood or other fluids, and also, for convenience’
sake, the junction of nerves. The veins and
|
| Arteries Anastomosing. |
lymphatics anastomose to form large single trunks as they approach their ultimate destinations. The arteries break up into small branches, for the supply of the tissues, and each small vessel again communicates with others given off above and below. At each large joint there is a very free anastomosis, so that the safety of the limb beyond may not be entirely dependent on the single arterial trunk passing into it, exposed as it is to all the obstructive influences of the different motions of the limb. After the main artery has been permanently obstructed, the anastomosing vessels enlarge, so as to compensate for the loss; but after a time, only those whose course most resembles the parent trunk continue enlarged, and the others gradually regain their ordinary dimensions.
AN′ATASE. See Octahedrite.
ANATH′EMA (Gk. ἀνάθεμα, or ἀνάθημα,
anathēma, that which is set up, offered, or dedicated, from ἀνἀ, ana, up + τιθέναι, tithenai, to
put, set, place). A word originally signifying
some offering or gift to Deity, generally suspended in the Temple. Thus, we read in Luke xxi : 5
that the Temple was adorned “with goodly stones
and gifts” (anathemasi). It also signifies a
sacrifice to God; and, as the animals devoted to
be sacrificed could not be redeemed from death, the
word was ultimately used in its strongest sense,
implying eternal perdition, as in Romans ix : 3,
Galatians i : 8–9, and other places. In the Catholic Church a distinction has been made between
excommunication and anathematizing; the latter being the extreme form of denunciation
against obstinate offenders. The synod of Elvira (306) anathematized those who placed libelous writings in the Church and those who read them; the Nicene Council (325), the Arians;
and so later councils and synods those who seriously offended. Thus that of Paris (846) forbids
anathematization, on account of its being a “condemnation to eternal death,” to bishops without
the consent of their archbishop and fellow bishops.
AN′ATHOTH, A town in Palestine, two and one-half miles northeast of Jerusalem, and one of the places assigned to the Levites (Joshua xxi:1, Chronicles vi:60). It was the birthplace of Jeremiah (Jeremiah i:1), as well as the home of Abiathar, the high priest (I. Kings ii:26), of Abiezer (II. Samuel xxiii:27), and of Jehu (I. Chronicles xii:3), all prominent in the days of David. The name appears to be the plural of Anat, and it is of some significance to note that there was a goddess Anatum in Babylonia, the consort of the sky-god Ann, though the evidence is not sufficient to assume a connection between the supposed worship of this goddess in Canaan and the Babylonian goddess. It was an important place, being reoccupied after the exile (Ezra ii:23; Nehemiah vii:27). On its site stands at present the little village of Anata, at the top of a hill commanding a view of the Dead Sea. Building stones for Jerusalem are still supplied from a quarry at Anata. It was at Anathoth that Jeremiah bought a field, as a symbol of the assured return from the Babylonian captivity (Jeremiah xxxii:7).
ANAT′IDÆ (Lat. anas, duck). The family of ducks, geese and swans (qq.v.) See Anseres.
AN′ATO′LIA (Gk. Ἀνατολή, Anatolē, a rising,
east, i.e., from Constantinople; from ἀνἀ, ana,
up + τέλλειν, tellein, to make to arise, to rise).
The modern name for Asia Minor; Turkish,
Anadoli. It embraces the western peninsula of
Asia, bounded by the Armenian highlands on the
east, the Mediterranean on the south, the Ægean
Sea on the west, and the Black Sea and the Sea
of Marmora on the north. Its area is about
195,000 square miles (Map: Turkey in Asia, D 3).
