Territory. The Indians were formerly very troublesome, but have now become law-abiding and industrious, taking an active interest in education and agriculture.
Militia. The organized militia numbers 500. The census of 1900 counted 34,200 males of militia age, of whom 12,000 are liable to duty.
History. Long before its discovery by white men, Arizona was inhabited by a powerful race, whose ruined cities, aqueducts, and fortifications dot the valleys and cañons of the Territory. In 1539 Fray Marcos de Niza, with a companion, left the City of Mexico to explore the country now included in Arizona and New Mexico, being stimulated by rumors of its mineral wealth and of its populous Seven Cities of Cibola. The report brought back was so favorable that in 1540 Vasquez de Coronado led an expedition thither, visiting the Moqui villages and New Mexican pueblos, and exploring, it is believed, as far north as latitude 40°. In Spanish and Mexican times there was no Arizona, and the country south of the Gila formed part of the Province of Pimeria Alta. What is now Arizona was very sparsely settled before the beginning of the Nineteenth Century. In 1772 there were only two missions in Arizona, with three visitas, and two incipient towns— Tucson and Tubac. The hostility of the Apaches and other tribes prevented all advance, and outbreaks in 1802 and 1827, added to the disorder attending the Mexican Revolution, led to the abandonment of the mines and ranches, and of all settlements, excepting Tucson and Tubac. By the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (q.v.), February 2, 1848, Arizona, then included in New Mexico, became the property of the United States, except the tract south of the Gila, which was a part of the Mexican State of Sonora, and was not acquired till December 30, 1853. (See Gadsden Purchase.) On February 24, 1863, Arizona was separated from New Mexico and made a Territory. Indian troubles broke out as late as 1896, and tended in some degree to hinder the development of the country, but the population of the Territory has steadily increased in proportion as larser tracts of desert land have been reclaimed bv irrigation, and the mineral resources of the region have been utilized. On December 1, 1891, a constitution was adopted by the people in anticipation of admission to the Union as a State, but Congress refused to grant the application.
The following is a list of governors who h.ave served the Territory:
| John N. Goodwin | Republican | 1863-65 |
| Richard C. McCormick | “ | 1865-69 |
| A. P. K. Safford | “ | 1869-77 |
| John P. Hoyt | “ | 1877-78 |
| John C. Fremont | “ | 1878-81 |
| John J. Gosper | “ | 1881-82 |
| Frederick A. Tritle | “ | 1882-85 |
| C. Meyer Zulick | Democrat | 1885-89 |
| Lewis Woltley | Republican | 1889-90 |
| John N. Irwin | “ | 1890-92 |
| Nathan B. Murphy | “ | 1892-93 |
| Louis C. Hughes | Democrat | 1893-96 |
| Benjamin J. Franklin | Republican | 1896-97 |
| Myron H. McCord | “ | 1897-99 |
| Nathan B. Murphy | “ | 1899 — |
Bibliography. Mowry, “The Geography and Resources of Arizona and Sonora,” in American Geological Society Papers, No. 4 (Washington, 1859); Simpson, “Report of an Expedition into the Navajo Country in 1849,” in Johnson, Reconnaissances of Routes from San Antonio to El Paso (Washington, 1850); Bancroft, “Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888,” in his History of Pacific States of North America, Vol. XII. (San Francisco, 1888); Hamilton, The Resources of Arizona (Prescott, 1881); Hinton, Handbook to Arizona (San Francisco, 1878); Mindeleff, “Aboriginal Remains in Verde Valley,” in United States Bureau of Ethnology Annual Report XIII. (Washington, 1891-92); Fewkes, “The Cliff Villages of the Red Rock Country,” in Smithsonian Institution Annual Report, 1895 (Washington, 1896); Merriam and Stejneger, “Results of a Biological Survey of the San Francisco Mountain Region and Desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona,” in North American Fauna, No. 3 (Washington, 1890); Ward, “The Petrified Forests of Arizona,” in Smithsonian Institution Annual Report, 1899 (Washington, 1901); Greely and Glassford, “Report on the Climate of Arizona,” in 51 Cong. 2d sess. H. ex. doc. 287 (Washington, 1891); Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Reports (Tucson, 1895, et seq.); Governor's Annual Report to Secretary of Interior (Washington, 1881, et seq.).
ARIZONA, University of. An American university situated at Tucson, Ariz. It was established by act of the Legislature in 1885, opened 1891, and had in 1901 buildings and grounds valued at $160,000; a library of 6000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets; a faculty of 20; and 47 collegiate and 178 sub-collegiate students. It receives $40,000 annually from the United States Government and $15,000 (approximately) from the Territory. There is a full academic course, and a manual training and mining school equipment. President, M. M. Parker, A.M.
ARJISH, är-jēsh′, or Erjish Dagh (anciently, Lat. Argæus) . An extinct volcano in Asia Minor, situated in the vilayet of Angora, south of Kaisarieh. It has an altitude of over 13,000 feet, and its latest eruption took place in the Fourth Century.
ARJISH, or Akhlat. A small town of Turkish Armenia, vilayet of Erzerum, on the northern shore of Lake Van (Map: Turkey in Asia, K 3). Population about 2000. The old city of Arjish, at a little distance from the present town, in a ravine, was the residence of the kings of Armenia, and was the scene of many conflicts between the Greeks, Armenians, and Persians. It was taken and devastated in 1228 by Jelal-ed-Din, and completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1246. Arjish is the seat of an Armenian bishop.
AR′JUNA, Hind. pron. ûr′jōō-nä. The grandson of Indra, and the hero of episodes in the Māhabhārata.
ARK. In the English Version of the Bible the word is applied to three different objects: (1) To the craft which Noah built and in which he preserved himself, his family, and numerous animals alive during the flood. It is described in Gen. vi. It was of “gopher wood,” which is perhaps conifer cypress, of which the Phœnicians built ships, and the “pitch" used was asphalt. Its dimensions were, in English measure: Length, 525 feet; breadth, 87½ feet; height, 52½ feet. It was not built for speed, and merely floated about until the waters subsided. (2) To the basket of bulrushes (papyrus reed) daubed with slime, prepared by the mother of Moses, in which Moses floated on the Nile until Pharaoh's daughter rescued him
