sively for the magazines on archeological and kindred subjects. He published Raymond Hill, a volume of poems (1S47) ; Prehistoric Vad'oiiS (1809) ; and Ancient America (1874).
BALDWIN, Joseph G. (1815-64). An
American humorist. He was born near Win-
chester, Va., studied law, removed to Mississippi,
then to Alabama, where he succeeded in law,
polities, and literature. In 1854 he went to
California, and was judge of the Supreme Court
of that State, 1858-02. His best-known early
publications are his racy Flush Times in Ala-
lama and Mississippi (1853), and Party Lead-
ers (1855). The latter contains judicial esti-
mates of Southern statesmen. He died in San
Francisco. A volume of humorous legal sketches
was -puljlished posthumousl}' in San Francisco
in 1870. Consult Mailers, in Seicanee Review
(April. 1901).
BALDWIN, Robert (1804-58). A Canadian
statesman, born at Toronto. He was admitted
to the bar in 182.5, was elected as a Liberal to
the Assembly of Upper Canada, and this elec-
tion having been declared void on petition, he
was reelected in 1830. In 1830 he visited England
in the interest of responsible government for
Canada. He was sworn of the Executive Council
in 1836, under the government of Sir Francis
Head, but with the other members resigned soon
afterwards, and in 1840 became Solicitor-Gen-
eral for Upper Canada. In 1842-43 and 1848-51 he
was Premier and Attorney-General of Upper
Canada. He is so frequently referred to as the
founder of the Reform Party in Canadian poli-
tics that it perhaps needs to be stated that his
views appro.ximated more nearly to those of the
Liberal-Conservatives of a later time than to
those of subsequent stages of the Reform party.
BALDWIN, Simeon Eben (1840—). An
American jurist and educator, born at New ,
Haven. Conn. He graduated in 1861 at Yale,
was admitted to the bar in 1803. and in 1861) was
appointed an insti"uetor in the Yale Law School.
He became professor of constitutional law in
1872, and in 1893 associate judge of the State
Supreme Court of Errors. He was elected presi-
dent of the American Bar As.sociation in 1890,
president of the American Social Science Associa-
tion in 1897, and president of the International
Law Association in 1899. He was a member of
the commission appointed in 1872 by the State
to revise the laws on education, and of that ap-
pointed in 1873 to revise the General Statutes.
His publications, in addition to monographs and
contributions to periodicals, include Digest of
the Decisions in the Connecticut Law Reports
(2 vols., 1872, 1882) , and Modern Political Insti-
tutions (Boston, 1898).
BALE, bal. See Basel.
BALE, John (1495-1.563). Bishop of Ossory,
in Ireland, born in the village of Cove, Suffolk,
Eng., November 21, 1495. He was educated as a
Carmelite monk at Cambridge, but afterwards
turned Protestant, became rector at Thomden,
in Suffolk, and being persecuted by the Roman
Catholics, fled to Flanders (1540), where he re-
mained eight jears, during which he wrote nu-
merous works." He was recalled by Edward VI.,
and successively presented to the living of Bish-
opstoke, in Hampshire, and the bishopric of Os-
sory (1552). In this latter sphere lie made him-
self so obnoxious to the Roman Catholics by his
zeal in the Protestant cause, that on news of the
death of Edward (1553) his house was attacked
and five of his servants killed. He himself es-
caped out of the country, after great difficulty
and heavy loss, and came finally to Basel. On
the accession of Elizabeth (1559), he returned
to England, and was made a jirebendary in the
cathedral of Canterbury, where he died in No-
veml)er. 1503. His chief work was first published
in 1548 under the title of Illustrium Majoris
Britannice Scriptorum Catalof/ns hoc est Amiliw,
Cnmhrice, ct Heotiw Hummarium, a history of
English literature. His Select Worhs were pub-
lished by the Parker Society, with a biography
(Cambridge, 1849). He was the author of many
treatises and several scriptural plays.
BALEARIC (brd'e-ar'ik) CRANE. See
Crane.
BALEARIC ISLES. A group of five islands
— Malorca (."Majorca), ilinorca. Iviza, Formen-
tera,and Cabrera — which constitute a province of
Spain. They lie off the coast of Valencia, in
the Mediterranean, in latitude 38° 4' to 40°
5' N., and longitude 1° to 5° E. (Map:
Spain, G 3). They have a total area of 1800
square miles and a population of (1887) 312,-
593: (1897) 306,920. The climate is healthful
and temperate. The soil generally is good.
Vines, olives, and other fruit trees are cultivated
abundantly. The coasts are precipitous, with
some excellent harbors — Port jNlahon, in Minorca,
being one of the finest in Eurojie. The Balearic
Isles were taken pi>ssession of by the Cartha-
ginians at an early date, and after the destruc-
tion of Carthage fell into the hands of the
Romans. They were taken by the Saracens in
798, and became a separate kingdom in 1009. In
1232 the Moors were expelled from the islands
by King .James I. of Aragon, and from 1276
the islands formed the independent kingdom of
Malorca until they were annexed to Aragon in
1343. The ca])ital is Palma (q.v.), on Majorca.
Consult: Vuillier, The Forgotten Isles (New
York, 1896) ; Harrasowsky, "LesBaleares," in the
Rernr- de grngrapliir. Vol. XI.IV. (Paris, 1899).
BALECHOU, ba'la'shoo', Jean Joseph Nicolas (c. 1719-04). A noted French engraver. He was born at Aries; was a pupil of Michel and Lepicie, and justly attained a very high reputation. His style has perhaps never been surpassed for boldness and finish of execution, but his drawing is often inaccurate. His best work is the full-length portrait of Augustus III., King of Poland, after the original by Rigaud in the
Dresden Gallery. He also engr.ived a "Sainte
Genevieve," after Vanloo, and three plates after
Vernet.
BALEEN' (Fr. haleine, Lat. balena, whale).
Whalebone in its original state in the mouth of
a baleen whale. See Whale.
BALEN, bii'len, Hendrik van (1575-1632). A
Flemish painter. He was born at Antwerp, and was the pupil of Adam van Noort, the teacher of Rubens. He finished his studies in Italy, and became instructor of Van Dyck and Snyders. Later he was much influenced by Rubens, and even by Van Dyck. He excelled in small figures, especially in mythological subjects. Some of his altarpieees are in the Antwerp Cathedral and
Museum, and among his other works may be mentioned "The Banquet of the Gods," in the Louvre.
