1653. the majority of its meiiihers |ilaccii their resignation in hia hands. Consult: Carlyle, Cromuell's Letters and Speeches, Vol. II. (New York, 1874) : Green, History of EiKihind. Vol. III. (Xew York, 1879): Inderwiek, r/ie Inter- regnum (London, 1891) : Gardiner, Constitution- al Documents (Oxford, 1889) ; and especially id., Histori/ of the Commonircalth and Pro- tertorate. Vol. II. (London, New York, and Bom- hay. 1807).
BARE'FOOT'ED (in Lat. distnUrnli. shoe-
less). An appellation given to certain monks
and nims who abstain from wearing any covering
on the feet, either entirely (as the Alcantarines,
who originated at Placentia, in 8]iain, in
1540), or for a specified period of the year
(as the nuns of Our Lady of Calvary) ; or
who, instead of shoes, wear merely sandals, i.e.
soles of wood, leather, rope, or straw fastened
by, thongs. They do not constitute a separate
order in the Roman Catholic Church, but are
to be found as representing a higher grade of
asceticism with more or less severity of observ-
ance, among most of the orders, Carmelites,
Franciscans, Augustines. Eremites, Capuchins,
etc. This form of religious austerity is to be
traced generally to the custom which i)revailed
among the Jews and Romans of putting oil' their
shoes on the occurrence of public calamities, that
in this condition of mourning and humiliation
they might implore the Divine Being for deliver-
ance; but perhaps more particularly to the com-
mand which Christ gave his disciples (Matt. x.
10: Luke x. 4).
BAREGE, bii'razh'. A mixed tissue adapted
for women's dresses, called in France crfpe-dc-
bitrryc. The name is derived from tlic valley
of Bareges, where they were tirst manufactured,
the seat of the manufacture at present being at
Bagn^res de Bigorre. Bareges are usually a mix-
ture of silk and worsted: an inferior kind being
composed of cotton and worsted. They vary in
color, and are sometimes light in tint, with
printed patterns. All are of a slight fabric for
simuner wear. The best are manufactured in
France.
BAREGES, or BAREGES-AUX-BAINS, iVba.N"'. A watering-place in the department of Hautes-Pyrenees, France, picturesipiely situated in the valley of the river Bastan, 4000 feet above
the sea, 24 miles south of Tarbes. It con-
.sists of a single street of some 80 houses,
running along the narrow, rugged glen. The
springs are considered efficacious in rheumatism,
scrofida, and old wounds. It is annually visited
by about 4000 invalids. The bath establish-
ment is a fine marble building. Other prominent
institutions are the Military Hospital and the
F.cclesiastical Charity Hospital of Sainte Eu-
gf'uie.
BAREILLY, ba-ra'le, or BARELI. The
capital of the Bareli District in the Rohilkhund
Division of the Northwest Provinces, British
India (Map: India, C 3). It is in latitude
28° 23' N., and longitude 79° 28' E.. 152 miles
east of Delhi. It is pleasantly situated in a
well-wooded country on the left bank of the
.lua, an affluent of the western Raingdauga,
but possesses no architectural beauty. Besides
a brisk and lucrative commerce in grain, cot-
ton, and sugar, the octroi on which is the
chief source of municipal revenue, it has con-
siderable manufactures, more particularly of or-
namental chairs and tables. It is the seat of a
well-attended Giovernment college. Bareilly be-
came notorious during the Mutiny of 1857 by
the massacre of Europeans on the 31st of May.
It was recaptured by Sir Colin Campbell, after-
wards Lord Clvde, in Mav, 1858. Population,
in 1891, 121,000; in 1901, 117,400.
BARELI. See Baeeiliy.
BARENTS, bii'rcnts, Willem (?-1597). A
Dutch explorer of the Arctic Ocean. He sailed
from Holland in June, 1594, to find a northeast
route to China, and explored a great part of
Nova Zembla. In May, 1590, he went as pilot
of two ships sent out by the city of Amsterdam.
At Spitzbergen the ships separated and Barents
guided one of them around Nova Zembla. At
Ice Haven it was frozen in, and here Barents
and his companions were forced to remain for
months, suffering terribly from the intense cold.
Many of the crew died in the course of the
winter. On .Tune 14. 1507, the survivors started
in open boats for the mainland. Barents and
four of his companions soon succumbed, but
the rest reached Lapland, where they found the
other vessel, and were rescued. Interesting relies
of this expedition were discovered in 1871 by
Captain Carlsen; they were found undisturbed
after a lapse of 274 years. Consult Gerrit de
Veer, The Three Voyayes of Willem Barents,
published by the I^akluyi. Society (London,
I87C).
BARERE DE VIEUZAC, ba'rar' dc vye'zuk',
Bertrand ( 1755-1841 ) . A member of the French
National Convention. He was born at Tarbes
and practiced law at Toulouse. After acting as
deputy in the States-General and editing a
daily Revolutionary paper, Le Point du Jour, he
was sent in 1792 to the National Convention
by the Department of Hautes-Pyrenees. He is
said to have been personally in favor of mod-
erate action, but he was easily overawed by the
influeiice of the party of the ilountain, and led
away by his desire for leadership and love of
applause. His eloquence was so poetical that
he came to be known as 'the Anacreon of the
guillotine.' He was reporter from the committee
on war, where he sat with Danton, and presided
over the Convention when sentence was passed
on Louis XVI., rejecting the King's appeal to the
people, with the words, "The law is for death,
and I am here only as the organ of the law." His
inborn mildness warring with the instinct of self-
preservation made him alternately a supporter
of merciful measures and a bloodtliirsty advocate
of the guillotine; but his entire public career in-
dicates a man of essential cowardice, far more
selfish than patriotic. After the fall of Robes-
pierre, whom he helped to overthrow, Barftre
proposed the continuation of the Revolutionary
Tribunal, but was denounced, impeached, and
sentenced to transportation. He was saved,
however, by the general amnesty after the
18th Brumaire. Elected as de]nity during the
Hundred Days, he was banislie'd after the
second Restoration, and devoted himself to liter-
ary work at Brussels, till the Revolution of July-
permitted his return. In 1832 ho was once more
elected as a deputy from the Hautes-Pyrenees.
His election, however, was annulled on account
of errors in form, whereupon the Government
gave him an official position in his Department,
