war, in which neither took any part. In 1869 he succeeded his father as United States Senator, being the fifth member of the family to represent Delaware in this capacity, and served continu- ously until 1885, when he became Secretary of State under President Cleveland. In the Senate he took a leading position on the Democratic side ; he was a member of the Electoral Commis- sion in 1877, and was president pro tern, of the Senate in 1881. His name was often urged for the Presidency, and in the Democratic national con- ventions of 1880 and 1884 he W'as the chief rival of the successful candidates. As Secretar.y of State he was called upon to deal with several im- portant matters, such as the Bering Sea contro- versy and the British and Russian treaties. From 1893 to 1897 he was ITnited States Ambas- sador to Great Britain, being the first to hold that diplomatic rank. He received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard, and that of D.C.L. from both Oxford and Cambridge. Consult Edward Spencer. Public Life and Services of Thomas F. Baiianl (Xew York, 1880).
BAYAZID I. See Bajazet.
BAYBAY, bafbiii. A town of Leyte, Philip-
pines, situated 87 miles from Tacloban, the capi-
tal of the province. Population, in 1898, 17,367.
BAY'BER'RY. See Candleherry.
BAY CIT'Y. A city and county-seat of
Bay County, Mich., on the Saginaw River, at
the head of navigation, 4 miles from Saginaw
Bay, and on the Michigan Central, the P&re ilar-
quett«, and other railroads (Jlap: Jlichigan,
K. 5). It is connected also by boat with other
lake ports. Several bridges cross the river at
this point, and the city contains parks, a public
library, and a fine city hall. It has a very ex-
tensive trade in lumber and salt, and ex])orts also
beet-sugar, coal, machinery, etc. There are other
manufactures of importance. Settled in 1836,
Bay City was incorporated as a village in 18.59,
and in 1865 was chartered as a cit}'. Under the
revised charter (1899) , the government is vested
in a mayor, elected biennially, and a council.
With the consent of the council, the mayor
appoints the administrative boards; the council
elects the city engineer, street commissioner,
and city attorney. The water-works and electric-
light plant ai-e the property of the municipality.
In 1903 the Legislature passed an act, to take
eflTect April 1, 1905. consolidating Bay City and
West Bay City (q.v.). Population, 1890, 2t,839;
1900, 27,628.
BAYER, bi'er, Johann (1572-1660). A German astronomer. He was a zealous Protestant pastor and obtained the cognomen Os Protcstan-iiutii (the Mouth of Protestants). He is now remembered chiefly for his Uianoinctria (1603), in which he gave 51 maps of the heavens, constructed from the observations of his predecessors, and followed by explanations in his Explicatio Caracferum JSneis Tuhulis IiiscKlplonuii
( 1654). He introduced in hisma|)s the plan of dis-
tinguishing the stai-s of a constellation by means
of Greek and Latin characters designating the
largest star of the constellation by the first let-
ter of the alphabet, and the rest in order of their
api)arcnt brilliancy by the succeeding letters.
BAYER, Karl Robert Emmerich ( 1834-1902) .
An -Austrian novelist, whose pseudonym was Rob-
ert Byr ; born at Bregenz and educated at the military academy of Wiener- Xeustadt. He served as an officer of the General Staff in the Italian campaign of 1859. but resigned from the military service in 1862, and thenceforth devoted himself exclusively to the writing of fiction. Among his best jiroductions are the following: Ucr Kampf urns Dasein (1872) : Uita (1877) ; Eine geheime Depesche (1880); Vnversdhiilich (1882); Lydia (1885); Der Weg zuin Glilck (1890); Stem-
schnuppeii (1897).
BAYES, baz. A caricature of Dryden in
Buckingham's play. The Uehearsal. The char-
acter is a would-be literary man, and was at
first meant to satirize Sir Robert Howard. The
drama abounds in ridiculous situations, and the
laureate's mannerisms are e.veellently shown.
BAYEUX, ba'ye' (city of the Baiocasses;
Baioca in the Middle Ages). An episcopal city
of France, in the Department of Calvados, Nor-
mandy. It stands in the fertile valley of the
Aure, about 5 miles above its outlet in the
English Channel (Map: France, F 2). This
ancient, badly built town has a fine cathedral;
its splendid portal and three towers are con-
spicuous features of the place. The public in-
stitutions are a seminary, a communal college,
a museum and library of 25,000 volumes, whose
most curious historic relic is the famous tap-
estry by ilatilda. Queen of William the Con-
queror, which depicts the invasion of England.
The industries of Bayeux comprise porcelain,
lace, bonnet-making, and cotton-spinning. There
is also a brisk trade in fatted cattle, honey,
butter, grain, etc. Population, in 1896, 7900.
Bayeux occupies the site of that Roman Au-
gustodurum which took the place of the an-
cient capital of the Gallic Baiocasses. The posi-
tion exposed it to all the storms which swept
over France from the conquest of Rollo to the
great Revolution, during which it remained
loyal to the Bourbons. Consult: Masselin, he
diocese de Bayeux dii Icr an Xleme Steele (Caen,
1898) ; Hepworth. "Baveux," in The Artist, Ho.
XXlll. (X-ew York. 1898).
BAYEUX TAP'ESTRY. The most remarkable and extensive remaining specimen of early medieval embroidery (q.v.). It is a web of white canvas or linen cloth, 214 feet long by 20 inches wide, preserved in the public library at Bayeux, France (Normandy). Upon it is' embroidered, in woolen thread of various colors, a representation of the invasion and conquest of
England by the Normans in 1066. Tradition asserts it to be the work of Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror. It belonged to the Cathedral of Bayeux, where it was used as a decorative hanging on feast-days. It contains 1512 figures in 72 subjects, with Latin inscriptions giving the subjects and names. The heads and hands of the figures are crudely designed in 'plumetis'; the rest is formed of parallel lines of woolen threads
fastened down at intervals. A thread of a different shade gives the outlines. The l)order is of foliage, fantastic animals, and hunting scenes. The tapestry is most valuable for a representation of the costume, arms, and manners of the Normans before the Conquest, and does forthis period what the columns of Trajan and Marcus Aurelius do for Roman military life of their age; giving also, as they do, more details of the events represented than are given in contemporary literature. It is, in fact, more than a history of the Con-
