BORDER WAR. 315 BORER. Nebraska Act (q.v.) in 18.54. See article on Kansas. Consult, also. Thayer, The Kansas Crusade (Xew York, 1898). BORDIGHERA, bur'd^ga'ia. A winter re- sort in tlio Province of Porto Maurizio, T,ij;uria. nortli Italy, on the Riviera, overlooking the Mediterranean, 91 miles southwest of Genoa and 7 miles from the French border (Jlap: Italy, B 4). It was first brought into general notice by Rnffini's novel. Dr. Anlonio, and has beaitiful villas, good hotels, and a splendid prumenadc, the Strada Romana, which runs through pine and olive groves on the high ground back from the sea. The situation is picturesque, the drinking- water excellent, and the climate agreeable. Snow falls only quadrennially, the average number of rainy days in the year is 45, of cloudy days 100, and the average winter temperature is 53° F. ISordighera is famous for its roses, carnations, anemones, etc., and for the palm branches with which it supplies churches on Palm Sunday. The new museum contains a small library and a unique collection of Riviera flora and of minerals. There are English physicians, an English church. and a theatre that produces operettas and come- dies. The popularity of Bordighera with the Eng- lish is heightened by the fact that members of the English royal family have visited it often. It suf- fered severely in the earthquakes of 1887. Popula- tion, in 1881 (commune), 2556; inl901.4G73. Con- sult Miller. "Bordighera, Past and Present." in the Westminster JRerieic, Vol. CLIV. (London, 1900). BORDONE, bm-do'na. Paris (e.1495-1571 ) . . 'i-ni'tian painter of the Renaissance. lie was born at Treviso, and studied under Titian at Venice, where he was niucl) influenced bj' the works of Giorgione. While his earliest paint- ings resemble Titian's, his later productions show an independent style, characterized by splendid color. At the invitation of Francis I., he went to France in 1538, and there painted the portraits of the King and of the most dis- tinguished members of the Court, returning to Venice in 1540. via Augsburg, where he painteil in the Fugger Palace. He excels especially in his portraits, of which there are fine exam])les in the public collections of Paris, Florence. London, and Vienna. His most celebrated historical painting. '"A Fisherman Presenting the Ring of Saint .Mark to the Doge." in the Venice Academy, ranks among the greatest masterpieces of the Venetian school. His other works, many of them mytho- logical, are principally in Venice, though there are fine examples .at Turin and in the leading galleri<'s of Kuvopr. BORDTJRE, or BORDER. See Hebaldby. BORE (AS. bor, Ger. Bohr, auger, gimlet; MK. (yore, Icel. hora, hole). The interior of a gun. In the case of breech-loading guns, the length of the bore is from the front face of the breech-plug to the muzzle. It is also used in place of calibre; but, except in regard to shot- guns, this is not now very common. See Ord- .nance: Guns, Naval; and Small Abms. BORE (Icel. bara, a billow caused by wind, Sw. dial. 6'ir, a mound), or Eagre. Names ap- plied to the advancing wall of water caused by the incoming tidal wave in funnel-shaped bays and in the estuaries of certain rivers. The height of this rolling mass of surf increases toward the narrower part of the bay. and the •wave is converted into a mass of roaring break- Voi,. Ill— 'il. ers that are the more pronounced in proportion as the bay is shallower. When the water has reache<l tiie head of the bay, and its onward movement has been stopped by the resistance of the land, it remains for a short time as a high tide, and then slowly and smoothly returns to the sea. The tidal range at the head of the Bay of Fimdy is said sometimes to exceed 50 feet. The tidal wave causes an advancing break- er in almost every river. The bore in the estuary of the Tsien-Tang-Kiang may he mentioned as the most remarkable example of tlic iihcnomcnon. The bore of the Amazon occasionally reaches a height of l(i feet. The rivers in India, especially the Ganges, are also celebrated for their bores. (See Tides.) Consult Darwin, The Tides (Boa- ton, 1898). BO'REAS (Gk. /Sop^as, cf. It. bora-, Russ. liir/ja, Bulg.. Serv. bura, storm). The north or northeast wind, blowing toward Hellas from the Thracian Mountains, and personified in mythol- ogy as the son of Astrseus and of Eos, or Aurora, and the brother of Notus, Zephyrus, and Eurus. Boreas was said to dwell in a cave of the Thra- cian Ha>mus. to which he carried Orithyia, the daughter of the Athenian King Ercchtheus, who bore him Zetes and Calais — employed as the symbols of swiftness — and Cleopatra, the wife of Phineus. According to Homeric fable, he begat, with the mares of Erichthonius, twelve horses of extraordinary fleetness. The rape of Orithyia is said to have been represented on the ciiest of Cypselus at Olympia, and is found on a number of red-figured vases and on an ,cro- terion of the Temple of Athena at Delos. Bo- reas bad a sanctuary in Athens for his help in wrecking the ships of Xer.xes off Euboea, and for similar reasons he was worshiped in Thurii and Jlegalopolis. His cult, however, was gen- eral, for Achilles prayed to him, and sacrifices were offered to him by the Ten Thousand Greeks, to say nothing of other allusions in the Greek writers. In art he usually appears as a winged man of wild appearance, with rough, disordered hair and beard. BOREGAT, bor'e-gat. A name given to sev- eral rock-trouts of the Pacific coast of the United States, especially Hcxayruminus Stclleri. See RockTroi T. BOREIiLI, b6-rel1e, GIOVANNI Alfonso (1608-79). An Italian physician and mathema- tician, the founder of the iatro-physical school. He was educated in Florence, and was a profes- sor of mathematics in Pisa and afterwards in Messina. Having taken part in a revolt, he was obliged to leave Messina, and s|)ent the remain- der of his life in Rome. He carefully observed the motions of the satellites of .Iu)iiter, then little known, and seems to have been the first to discover the parabolic paths of comets. In his epoch-nuiking work, Dc Motu Animalitim (Rome, 1680-81), we find the first attempt to apply the principles of mechanics to the move- ments of animals. Regarding the bones as lev- ers in which the power acts between the weight and the fulcrum, he endeavors to calculate the power of muscles from a consideration of their fibrous structure, and the manner in which they are united to the tendons. BORER. The hagfish (q.v.). BORER. An animal that bores into the hard parts of other animals, or makes tubular
