Union, and at its close was appointed a commissioner to revise the internal revenue system. Besides numerous contributions to commercial and financial periodicals, he published, among other works: Politics for American Christians (1852): Position of Christianity in the United States in Its Relation with Our Political System and Religions Instruction in the Public Schools (1855) ; and The Ways and Means of Commercial Payment (1858).
COLY. See Mouse-Bird.
COLZA, or Coleseed. See Rape.
CO'MA ( Xeo-Lat., from Gk. ku/ui, koma, deep
slfep, from Koi/iiiv, kviman., to put to sleep, from
Ke'iirBai., keisthai, to lie; connected with Lat.
quies, rest). A state of profovind insensibility
differing from natural sleep in that the patient
caimot be aroused from the stupor. The patient's eyes are closed, his pupils are either large or small, his face is generally fiushed and the conjunctivae red. the breathing deep, labored, and stertorous. Coma may accompany and be
caused by alcoholic intoxication, morphine poisoning, apoplexy, Bright's disease, epilepsy, heat-stroke, certain fevers, etc. In the coma from opium or morphine the patient should be aroused if possible, and kept walking and awake, by various means; but in coma from all other
causes he .should be kept absolutely quiet in
bed. Therefore it is very necessary to know ex-
actly what trouble must be treated, and no lay-
man can Jiulge of the proper remedial measures.
The coma from alcoholic intoxication is so fre-
quent and well known that very often the coma
of serious conditions is mistaken for mere drunk-
enness.
CO'MA BER'ENI'CES (Lat., Berenice's
hair). A small and close cluster of stars near
the equinoctial colure, south of the tail of the
Great Bear. This cluster of stars has been meas-
ured very carefully by Chase with the heliometer
of the Yale College Observatory, and photogra-
phically by Kretz, at Columbia University, New
York, the measures being made upon negatives
by Rutherford.
COMACCHIO, ko-mak'kS-d (Lat. Comacu-
luia). A fortified town in the Province of
Ferrara, in northeast Italy, situated on the
southernmost of the lagoons at the mouth of the
Po (Map: Italj', G 3). It is built on thirteen
islands that are connected by numerous bridges,
and the lagoon communicates by a canal Avith the
little port of ilagnavacca, on the Adriatic. The
majority of the inhabitants are engaged in the
raising of fish — particularly eels — for the market,
and in the manufacture of salt. Population
(commune), 1881, 9974; in 1901, 10,877.
COMAIIA (Lat., from Gk. Kdfiam, Komana).
( 1 ) C()M.N. OF Cappadocia, an ancient city,
situated in a deep valley of the Anti-Taurus
range, through which the river Sams flows. It
was celebrated as the place where the rites of the
goddess Ma (the Greek Enyo. or Artemis, and
the Roman Bellona) were celebrated with much
solemnity and great magnificence, in a spacious
and sumptuous temple, to which the city was
scarcely more than an appendage. It was gov-
erned by the chief priest, who took rank next to
the king. It is reported that in Strabo's time
more than 6000 persons were engaged in the
temple affairs. The festivals attracted large
gatherings. (2) Comana in Pontus, an ancient
city of Asia Minor, on the river Iris, the modern
Tocat-su. It was an important commercial city,
and the seat of the worship of the goddess of
the moon, whose cult was carried on with cere-
monies analogous to those employed in the Cap-
padocian Comana (see above). Its ruins, con-
sisting of fragments of brick and hewn stone and
remains of walls, are still to be seen near the vil-
lage of Gumenek. The town is said to have
been colonized from the Cappadocian Comana.
COMANCHE, ko-man'che or k.Vman'cha (of
unknown signification, first applied to the tribe
bj' the Spanish Mexicans), an important tribe
of Shoshonean stock, formerly ranging jointly
Avith the KioAva (q.v. ). along the southern
plains from the Arkansas River to central
Texas, and extending their forays far down into
Mexico. Up to the surrender of the last hostile
band, in 1875, they were the constant scourge of
the ilexican and Texan frontier. They are a
southerji offshoot of the Shoshoni proper, the
language of the two tribes being the same. Like
other tribes of the same stock, their organiza-
tion is very loose, and they are singularly de-
ficient in religious ceremonial. On the other
hand, they bear a high reputation for honesty
and direct methods. They now number 1400, in
western Oklahoma, their reservation, which was
occupied jointly with the Kiowa and Kiowa
Apache, having been throwni open to settlement
in 1901.
COMAYAGUA, ko'ma-y-i'gvva. The cajiital
of the Department of the same name, Honduras,
on the Rio Humaya. 37 miles northwest of Tegu-
cigalpa (Map: Central America, D 3). It is
situated in a fertile valley, but has little trade.
It is an episcopal see, and the cathedral, dating
from the early eighteenth century, is the most
notable building. Population, about 3,000. Co-
mayagua appears first in historj*. under the name
Valladolid la Kueva, about the middle of the
sixteenth century, and Indian relies found in the
vicinity testify to its antiquity. In 1827, then
having nearly 20,000 inhabitants, Comayagua
was sacked by the Guatemalians. Until 1880 it
was the capital of the Republic.
COMB (.4S. camb, Icel. kamhr. OHG. chamb, Ger. Kamm, comb; connected Avith Gk. 76^1^05, gninphos, peg, OChurch Slav, zndri, Skt. jaiiibha, tooth). Combs seem to have been used by the ancients rather for adjusting than for fastening the hair, the pin. or bodkin (aens), having chiefly been employed for the latter purpose. Both the Greek and Roman combs Avere generally made of
boxwood, obtained from the shores of the Euxine;
but later. iA'oiy combs, which had long been used
by the Egyptians, came into general use among
the Romans. The precious metals Avere also
used for this purpose, as AA-e may infer from
the golden combs ascribed to the goddesses ; but
this was probably rarer in ancient than in
modern and mediaeA'al times, from the circum-
stance of the comb not having then been used
as an ornamental fastening. Of the early use of
gold combs in Great Britain Ave haA'e a reminder
ic the well-knoAA-n ballad of "Sir Patrick Spens:"
" O lang. lan^ may their lad.ves sit,
"Wi' their gowd liames in their hair."
Combs have been found in Anglo-Saxon graves of both men and Avomen. shoAving hoAV much attention they paid to the hair. In early times
