CROATIA. 592 CROCKETT. later in the Hungarian Cabinet, who countersigns all important acts all'octing the province. The linaiices ai-e administered partly by the Hun- garian and partly by the provincial Government, in lilOO the budget iiearly balanced at 18.500.000 kronen. lor administrative purposes the prov- ince is divided into eight counties. Very adequate facilities are provided for both elementary and secondary education. About 65 per cent, of the children "attend schools. Agram (q.v.) , the capi- tal, offers excellent higher instruction. The popu- lation in IJIOO was 2.397.249. as against 2.180.410 in 1890. About 89 per cent, of the people are Croats and Serbs. 3 per cent. Hungarians and 5 ])er cent. Germans. Seventy-one per cent, are Roman Catholics, 26 per cent, belong to the Greek Orthodo.K Church, and the rest to the Evan- gelical and other Reformed Churches. Hi.sTORr. Croatia and Slavonia were included in the Roman Province of Pannonia. The Croats are a southern Slavic peoiile, speaking a language which differs but slightly from that of their neighbors the Serbs. They came down in the seventh century from the Carpathians and occu- ])ied Croatia and Slavonia. In the ninth cen- tury the Croats adopted Christianity of the Latin rite, separating them from the Serbs, who received Christianity from Constantinople. About the year 900, Croatia asserted its political inde- pendence of the Byzantine emperors, and, under its own king, extended its power over Bosnia and Dalmatia. A great ])art of Croatia was annexed to Kinigary to-ard the close of the eleventh cen- tury, aiid in 1102 Koloman of Hungary had him- self crowned King of Croatia and Dalmatia. The country was involved in the djmastic struggles and wars for self-preservation which were the lot of Hungary for centuries, and always main- tained whatever position seemed favorable to its own nationality. In the Hungarian national ris- ing of 1848. Jellachich, Ban of Croatia, was an active agent of the Austrian Imperial Govern- ment, which stirred him up to a campaignagainst the Himgarians. This action on the part of Croatia was a national movement as much as that of Hungary. The general principle of decen- tralization, as embodied in the Ausgleich of 1867 (q.v.), was partially applied to the relations of Croatia-Slavonia and Hungary by the compro- mise of 1868. A strong national party has con- tinued to exist, cherishing the project of a greater and independent Croatia, to include all of the ancient kingdom, and joined to the Austrian Em- pire only by a personal union. Consult: Matko- vitch, Kroatieii und Hlavonien nach seinen physi- sclien unci geistifjcn Yerhaltnissen (Agram, 1873) ; Krauss, Die vereiniyten Eonigreiche Eroatienund l^laroriien (Vienna. 1889) ; Stare, "Die Kroaten im Kiinigreiehe Kroatien niit Slavonien," in Die Volkcr Oesterreich - Ungarns, 10. ii. (Vienna, 18S2) ; Csaplovicz. S?oro»iert und Eroaticn (Pest, 1819) : De Worms, The Aiisfro-Hungarian Em- pire (2d ed., London, 1877); De Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula (London, 1887) . See AusTRlA- HlNOARY. CROCE, kro'eha, GrtiLio Cesake della (1550- 1620). An Italian author, born atPersieeto,near TSologna. He wrote a number of romances and l)lays. of which the principal is the always-popu- lar Kertoldo and Bcrioldino. This is probably an old folk-lore tale retold. It has been translated into many languages. The original titles of the two parts were: Asttitie sottilissime di Bertoldo ( 1620) , and Le piacevoli e ridicolose simpUoitit di liertoldino figliuolo del gii astuto c accorto Ber- loldi (1620)'. CROCHET, kro-sha' (Fr. crochet, hook, dim. of croc, hook, from leel. krOkr, hook, perhaps from Gael, crucan, Welsh crwg, hook, and con- nected with Lat. crux, cross). A form of fancy work w'here threads of linen, cotton, worsted, or silk are looped with hooks called crochet-needles to form various decorative and useful articles. Endless varieties of patterns may be formed, and lightness and elegance attained, by twisting the thread one or more times in taking up the loop, while openwork is formed by passing one or more loops. CROCID'OLITE (from Gk. Kpodc, krokis, nap on cloth : connected with Kpoit/;, kroke, thread, from KpcKciv, krekein, to weave + /'uHog, lithos, stone). A sodium iron silicate that occurs in iibrous or asbestos-like filaments, and also sometimes massive or earthy. It has a silky lustre, and in color varies from golden yellow to yellowish brown, indigo to greenish blue, light green, and dull red. The best specimens are found in Griqualand, in the Orange River country. South Africa. This mineral frequently contains .a siliceous base, such as ferruginous quartz, and when cut en cabochon, with a high summit and the longer diameter of the oval at right angles to the direction of the fibres of which the mineral is made up, yields the eat's-eye ray, in consequence of which the mineral is popularly known as tiger- eye, and has some alue as a gem stone, being used when polished for umbrella-handles, charms, etc. In the United States specimens are found in North Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, and Rhode Island, but these are of no value for orna- mental jnirposes. CROCK'ER, Francis Bacon (1861—). An American electrical engineer. He was born in New York City, graduated at Columbia in 1882, and in 1889 was there appointed professor of electrical engineering. In 1892-95 he was presi- dent of the New Y'ork Electrical Society, and in 1897-98 of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. He published The Practical Manage- ment of Dynamos and Motors (3d ed. 1894) ; and Electric Lighting (3d ed. 1899). CROCKERY. See Pottery. CROCKET (from OF. croquet, variant of crochet, hook). A bit of ornamentation project- ing alone and boldly from a plane surface, in Gothic architecture; usually in the form of a single heavy stem ending in leafage or flower, attached to a gable, pinnacle, bell of a capital, cornice, etc. CROCK'ETT, David (1786-18.36). An Ameri- can pioneer and politician, born in Tennessee. He was a typical backwoodsman, unlettered but shrewd, skillful as a hunter, and inordinately fond of an out-of-door life. He served under Jackson in the war against the Creek Indians, and in 1826, 1828, and' 1832 wa.s elected to Con- gress, where his oddities of dress attracted con- siderable attention and caused much comment. At the close of his third term he enlisted with the Texan forces, then in arms against Mexico, and in 1836 was one of the defenders of the Alamo (q.v.), where on IMarch 6 he, with the rest of the garrison, was killed by Santa Anna's troops. Crockett's well-known maxim was: "Be sure you are right, then go ahead." He wrote
