D^DALTTS. 732 DAGGEK. ences, however, the more eommon forms of the myth arose. Daedalus was a descendant of the Athenian royal race, the Erechthidse, and hav- ing killed his pujjil Talos, fled to Crete, where he was received by King ilinos, for whom lie built the Labyrinth for the Alinotaur, and for Pasi- phae ( q. V ) , the wooden cow. To escape the wrath of Alinos, he fitted wings to his son, learus, and himself, and fled across the sea. Icarus flew too near the sun, the wax which fastened the wings melted, and he was drowned in the Icarian Sea. Danlalus escaped to Italy, where he built the Temple of Apollo at Cunise, and then crossed to Sicily, where local legend attributed to him many architectural works. It seems useless to seek any historical basis for the story of Daedalus, though it is very probable that Crete exercised an important influence on early Greek art. Con- sult: Kuhnert, Dwdalus (Leipzig, 1886); Pot- tier, in Daremberg and Saglio, Dictiomiaire des antiquUcs (Paris, 1873) ; and Robert, "Die Dai- daliden," in Archiiologische ildrchen (Berlin, 1886). DiEDALUS OF SICYON, sish'I-6n. A Greek sculptor", who lived in the first half of the fourth century u.c, probably the son and, ac- cording to Pausanias, also a pupil of Patrocles of Sicyon. His earliest work mentioned was a "Tropliy," erected at Olyinpia by the Eleians to commemorate a victory over the Lacedaemonians. His other productions include the "Cowering Venus," probably the jjrototype of the familiar copies in the Louvre and Vatican Museums, the figures of "Two Boys Using the Strigil," and the portrait statues of several of the victors in the Olvmpian games. D^D'ICU'RUS. See Gltptodon. D^MON'ELIX (Xeo-Lat., from Gk. Sal/Mv, daimoH, demon -|- Aif, helij;, spiral). A prob- lematic fossil found in great numbers in the sandstones of the Loup Fork Tertiary of north- western Nebraska and adjacent portions of Wyo- ming, and known to the ranchmen of the vicinity by the name of "Devil's cork-screws.' The fossil ranges through a thickness of about 250 feet of sandstones and varies in form from delicate fibrous structures in the lowermost beds, through cylindrical, spherical, cake-like, and irregularly twisted forms in successively higher horizons, till in the uppermost beds it assumes the form of a vertical left- or right-handed spiral spring, 2 to 10 feet high, with or without a central axis, and usually Avith a more or less cuiTed fusiform or cylindrical 'trunk.' 3 to 20 feet long, that rises obliquely from the base of the spiral. The fibrous forms penetrate the sandstone and are also found traversing the surfaces of skulls and bones of fossil mammals entombed in the same beds. The spiral screws are wonderfully regular in their proportions, both as to the angle of pitch of the spiral and as to the increase in diameter of the same from bottom to top. The whole mass of the fossil consists of an aggrega- tion of twisted plant-fibres, which on examina- tion with a microscope prove to have a simple cellular structure like that of parenchyma tissue. This cellular structure has been found in all parts' of the fossil, and clearly indicates its vegetable nature. The beds' in which the Dsemo- nelix is found are of lacustrine origin, and it is possible that the fossil is of algal affinity. Prof. E. H. Barbour, the discoverer of Djemonelix, has described it fully in a paper on the "Nature, Structure, and Phylogeny of DtEmonelix," in the ISulletiii of the Geological iiociety of America, vol. viii. (Rochester, 1897). DAENDELS, dan'dels, Herman Willem (1762-1818). A Dutch general. He was born at Hattem, in Gelderland, where he practiced law and took part in the revolutionary disturbances that broke out in 1787. Compelled to seek refuge in France, he rendered important service to Du- mouriez in 1793, in the latter's campaign against Holland, was made brigadier-general, and, after the proclamation of the Batavian Republic, entered its service as lieutenant-general. In 1799 he commanded a division of the Republican army, which compelled the Anglo-Russian forces to surrender. Hostile intrigues induced him to leave the service in 1803, but at the outbreak of the war in 1806 he was reinstated in his former rank by the King of Holland, and served against the Prussians. He now occupied East Friesland, and became successively Governor of Jliinster, commander-in-chief of the Dutch cavalry, mar- shal of Holland, and Governor-GeneVal of the Dutch East India possessions. This last office he held from 1808 to 1811, and discharged his duties with great ability and prudence. He partici- ])ated in the Russian campaign of 1812-13, and distinguished himself by his stalwart defense of Jlodlin. On the overthrow of Napoleon, his services were secured by the new King of Hol- land, William I., who intrusted him with the organization of government in those colonies on the west coast of Africa which had been re- stored to the Dutch. In this capacity he labored with energy and success until his death. The work he published (1814) on his administration of Java was an important contribution to our knowledge of that island. DAET, da-at'. A town of Luzon, Philippines, in the Province of North Caniarines. It is situ- ated near the coast. 50 miles northwest of Nueva Cflceres. Population, in 1898, 10,650. DAFFODIL. See Narcissus. DAGAMI, da-ga'me. A town of Leyte, Philip- pines, 20 miles from Tacloban. It is situated in a plain, near the eastern coast of the island. Population, in 1898, 25,000. DAGE, da'gc. Eduard (1805-83). A German painter, born in Berlin. He received his artistic training at the Academy of Berlin and under Wachs. From 1861 until his retirement in 1875 he was acting director of the Royal Academy at Berlin. He executed some religious works, in- cluding "frescoes in the chapel of the Schloss in Berlin. But he was more successful with genre and ideal subjects, such as "The Discovery of Painting" (1832; National Gallery, Berlin) and "The Compassionate Monk" (1836). DAGGER (leel. daggardr, dagger, from Ir. duigear, Welsh dagr, dagger, from Bret, dag, OGael. daga, knife). A short sword, or two- edged, sharp-pointed knife. It is one of the oldest forms of the arme hlanche, and has its modern representative in the infantry sword- bayonet. (See Batoptet.) In the Middle Ages soldiers often fought with sword or rapier and dagger, the latter being held in the left hand. (See Fencing.) The dagger proper has ceased to be part of the modern military equipment.
