DTTNKIBK. 525 DXJNMORE. its Church of Saint Eloi — a Gothic structure of the sixteenth century, having a liandsome though rather incungrutms frontispiece in its more re- cent Corintliian portico — its town-hall, barracks, college, and theatre, are the principal archi- tectuj'al features. Dunkirk has a fine museum, picture gallery, and public library. There are manufactures of soap, starch, beer, beet-root sugar, cordage, and leather; also metal-foundries, distilleries, salt-relineries, and ship - building yards. Dunkirk ranks fourth among the seaports of France, and its harbor works are on a large scale. The annual value of imports and exports is about $150,000,000. Its cod and herring fish- eries are actively prosecuted. The United States is represented by a consular agent. The imme- diate vicinity of Dunkirk has a dreary and un- interesting appearance. Population, in 1901, 38,025. Dunkirk owes its origin, it is said, to the church built by Saint Eloi in the seventh cen- tury in the midst of a waste of sandhills or dunes, and hence its name. "Church of the Dunes.' It shared the fortunes of Flanders, coining suc- cessively undeu Buigundian and Spanish rule. It was burned by the English in I3SS. It was taken from the Spaniards by the French in 165S and made over to England, but was sold to Louis XIV. by Charles II. in 1662. By the Treaty of Utrecht in 171.3. the French were compelled to destroy the fortifications of Dunkirk, which were again restored, however, in 1783. Consult Derode, Bisioire de Dunkerque (Lille, 1852). DTJNKIKK. A city and port of entry in Chautauqua County, N. Y., 48 miles southwest of Buffalo ; on Lake Erie, and on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Xew York Central, the Erie, and other railroads (Map: Xew York, A3). It has a good harbor, and a large lake trade. The industrial plants include locomotive-works, iron-works, spring and gear works, planing-niills, shirt-factories, axe and axle works, etc. Among the features of interest are the high-school building. Brooks Jlemorial Library, Brooks Memorial Hospital, Point Gra- tiot Park, and Washington Park. Dunkirk was settled about 1809, was incorporated as a village in 1837, and was chartered as a city in 1880. It is governed, under a revised charter of 1894, by a mayor, elected annually, who controls the appointments to the police and poor depart- ment, civil service commission, board of health, and water board; and by a unicameral city council, which elects the city attorney and city engineer, and confirms the executive's nomina- tions of eity clerk and street commissioners. The board of education is elected by the people. The city owns and operates its water-works and electric-light plant. Population, in 1890, 9416; in 1900, ll.fiU!. DTJN'LAP, WiLLT.M (1766-1839). An Ameri- can artist and author. He was born at Perth Arfiboy, X. .1., and while still a boy went to Xew York City, where he showed marked talent as a portrait painter. In 1784 he went to London and for several years studied painting with Benjamin West. On his return to America lie engaged chiefly in dramatic and literary work, producing The Father, his best play, in 1789. and becoming manager of the Park Theatre in 1798, where Atirlrc was played the same year. His enlightened administration, which contributed essentially to the development of dramatic art, was continued for several years, but finally re- sulted in theatrical baiikrui)tcy. JIaiiy of his plays, which were strangely influenced by those of Kotzebue, have never been pul>lislied. Keturning later to art, he gained reputation throughout the countrv- by religious paintings, of which "Death on the Pale Horse" is most famous. He wa8 founder and an early vice-president of the Xa- tional Academy of Design. The most noteworthy of his publications is his FUstory of the Ameri- can Theatre (1832). He also wrote biographies of George Frederick Cooke (1813) and Charles llrorkdcii Jiroicn. (1815); Bintory of the Rise and Pro(ircss of the Art of Ucsign in the United States' (1834); and Thirty Years At/o: or, the Memoirs of a Water Drinkir ( 1836) , with one or two minor works. The Dunlap Society, founded in 1S80, has reprinted The Father and Andr4. DUN'LIN (a corruption of dimlinq, from dun, in reference to the color + diminutive -ling), or KEDii.CK. A sandpiper of the Xorthern Hemi- sphere, which migrates annually between arctic breeding-grounds and the tropics, and is an object of eager sport in the late spring, when it appears in large compact flocks not very diflicult to approach. The plumage changes greatly with the season, in winter being prevailingly gray, while in summer the back is chestnut-red, each feather with a black centre, a broad white hand covers the dusky wing, and a broad jet-black band marks the abdomen, while the white breast and throat are thickly streaked. It lireeds in Europe from Scotland northward, in Kamtchat- ka, in Alaska, and eastward to Greenland. The European bird is .systematically named Tringa alpina, and is known in Great Britain as dun- lin, purre, ox-eye, etc. The American and Siberian examples are separated in a subspecies, Tringa alpina Pacifica, locally known to gunners as blackheart, ox-bird, ox-eye, redback, etc. See Plate of Bay-Bibds. DUNtOP, JouN Colin ( ?-1842). A Scot- tish critic, author of The Bistorg of Prose Fic- tion, born at Rosebank, near Glasgow. He passed most of his life in study, read widely in Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and French, and embodied his knowledge in various histories, of which only The Bistory of Prose Fiction (1814; revised 1816) is important. This work, though very uneven in quality, has never been superseded. Its most valuable sections are those dealing with Italian and Spanish fiction. It was translated into German in 1851, and revised in 1888 (Lon- don and X( v York). DTJN'MORE. A borough in Lackawanna County, Pa., adjoining Scranton ; on the Erie and the Lackawanna lailroads (Map: Pennsvl- vania. F 2). The State Oral School is located here, and there are homes for foundlings and the friendless. The borough is the centre of ex- tensive anthracite coal, brick, iron, and silk in- terests. I'nder a charter in 1862. the govern- ment is vested in a burgess, elected ever*- three years, a borough council, and administrative ofllcials, the majority of whom are chosen by popular vote. Dunmorc was settled in 1835 and incorporated in 1862. Population, in 1890, 8315: in 1900, 12„583. DUNMOEE. .ToiiN MrRR.y, Earl of (1732- 1809). .
English Governor of Virginia. He
