DTJRTJY. 546 DUSSELDORF. ist partisan, while another son, Georges, born in 1853, has written a number of romances, histori- cal and political. Consult: Lavisse, Vn Minisfre, Victor Duniti (Paris. 1895) ; Bigelow, "Lavisse's Life of nuniv." in Amrrican Historical Review, vol. i. (New York. 189C). DTJKWARD, der'werd. Qi'entin. The hero of Scott's novel of the same name. DTJRYEE, durya', Abkam (1815-90). An American soldier. He was born in Xcw York City, was educated in the common schools, and afterwards acquired considerable wealth as a dealer in mahogany furniture. He entered the State militia in 1833, became colonel of the Twenty-seventh Regiment (now the Seventh) in 1849, and took a conspicuous jiart in suppressing the numerous riots which occurred between that time and ISGl. At the beginning of the Civil War he raised a regiment which became widely known as 'Duryfie's Zouaves.' He was promoted to be brigadier-general of volunteers in August, 1861, but resigned from the service in January, 1863, owing to a disagreement over a question of rank. In 1865 he was brevetted major-general for 'gallant and meritorious services' at the battles of Cedar Jlountain, Rappahannock Sta- tion, Thoroughfare Gap, Groveton, Chantilly, South Mountain, and Antietam. He was ap- pointed police commissioner of Xew York City in 1873, and in the following year attacked and dispersed a company of communists assembled in Tompkins Square. DUSART, ili.i-sart'. Corxelis (1660-1704). A Dutch painter and etcher, horn at Haarlem. He was a pupil nf Adriaen van Ostade (q.v.). His works are very imeven in quality, some of them equaling the work of his master, in whose style he paints; but most of them are inferior. He usually represents kermesses, tavern scenes, and other popular amusements, and the best of his works are in the galleries of Amsterdam, Dres- den, Vienna, and Saint Petersburg. DTJSE, drSJ'zA. Eleoxora (1859—). An Ital- ian actress, born at Vigevano, on the border of Piedmont and Lombardy. Hers was a family of actors, her grandfather having founded the Garil^aldi Theatre in Padua, and she appeared on the stage when thirteen years old. Her early stage life in itinerant companies was a succes- sion of privations and hardships, which seriously impaired her health, but she was soon recognized at Naples, and a little later at Milan (1885). as the greatest a'ctress of Italy and one of the greatest of her time. Her career has since been one of extraordinary success. Slie won an international reputation at Vienna in 1892, and elicited successively enthusiastic responses in the principal cities of Europe. Her American debut she made in January, 1893. as Camille, at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in Xew York City, and she appeared in London for the first time the same year. In 1897 she went to Paris, where she was regarded as the gneat rival of Sarah Bernhardt. Among her most noted presentations have been those of Juliet. Fran- cesca da Rimini, Marguerite. Camille. Kernande, Magda. and Paula in The ,9econd Mrx. Tnnque- ray. To show her imusua] versatility, she some- times plays on the same evening such con- trasted rilles as Santnzza in CnvnUerin Rusfi- cana and the rollicking heroine of I.n T.nrnn- diera. Several of Gabriele d'Anminzio's (q.v.) plays were written for her, which she has tried, not with uniform success, to render popular. Her art is distinguished for its simplicity, yet subtle intensity of expression. Discarding many of the customary mannerisms of the stage, she gained her extraordinary dramatic jiower by the abandonment of much that is conventional but unreal in modern acting. In private life she is noted for her dislike of personal luiblicity. Her marriage did not prove happy, and she sepa- rated from Signer Cliecchi. In 1902 she reap- peared in America. Consult, Bracco, Life of a Famous Actrens, with American press notices (Xew York, 1893) ; !Mapes, Duse and the French (Xew York. 1898). DUSOMMERARD, di.i'sum'riir'. Alexandre (1779-1842), A French arcluBologist, born at Bar-sur-Aube. After serving in the army, he devoted himself to archa'ological studies, traveled through France and Italy, and eventually became the founder of the famous Musee Cluny in Paris. This collection of medi;cval implements and ob- jects of art was begim by Dusommerard during the First Empire, and was designed originallv to decorate the dwelling of the collector, the so-called Hotel Clunj'. It finally became the greatest col- lection of its kind in France, and together with the mansion of Dusommerard was after his death bought by the Goveriunent and converted into a museum. Dusommerard began the work subsequently published under the title Les arts au mot/en age (1838-4G), and containing more than 500 plates illustrative of the finest speci- mens in the museum, to which building the adja- cent Palais des Thermes was afterwards added. DUSSEK, doo'shek. Johaxx L.vdi.slaus (1761-1812), A Bohemian musician and com- poser. He was born at Czaslau, Bohemia, and received his earliest musical impulse as a boy singer at the Minorite Church, Iglau. His first teacher was Father Spenar, and his lessons were given during his attendance at the Jesuit Col- lege. After this he had a varied career, his reverses being chiefly due to love of luxury, lack of method, and ignorance of business. He has been rightly regarded as the pioneer of national music, and in his pianoforte playing he is credit- ed with rivaling Clementi in the introduction and use of the 'singing tone.' Several of his pianoforte compositions are standard favorites; a pianoforte method published in London had a very extended vogue. He died at Saint Germain- cn-I.nye, DUSSELDORF, dys'sel-dorf. The capital of the District of Dilsseldorf, in Rhenish Prussia, situated in the centre of a fertile district, on the right bank of the* Rhine, at the confliicnce of the Diissel with that river, in latitude 51° 13' N„ longitude 0° 46' E. (Map: Prussia, B 3). Dilsseldorf is divided into the Altstadt, on the right bank of the Diissel ; the Karlst.idt. founded in 1786 by the Elector Karl Theodor, on the lei't bank; the Neusladt, on the Rhine; and the Fiiedriehstadt. to the south. It al>o takes in the sulnirhs of T'nlerbilk. Oherbilk. Flingern. and Derendorf. The town is well built and aboinids in broad, well-shaded avenues and fine squares. A colossal equestrian statue of the Elector Johann Wilhelni, who founded a famous picture gallery here in 1710 — the greater part of which, however, was removed to Munich in 1806 — stands in the Altmarkt.
