DtrVEKNOY. 554 DVORAK. natural history ami afterwards of comparative anatomy. DUVEYRIZR, du'Vi'i'rya', HENRI (1840-92). A I'ri'iicli explorer. He was born in Paris, stud- ied geograpliy and Arabic in Gcrniany, and for a time was associated with the African traveler Heinrich Barth, in London. He subsequently returned to Paris, and devoted himself to the study of the natural sciences. lie ex|)loied the northern Saliara, and finally penetrated to the centre of the Sudan. On his return he pub- lislied [xi>loration dii ^uliiira. vol. i.: Les Tuiiref/ till Sard (1804) : and received from the Society de Cn-ographie in Paris its gold medal.
- DTJX, duks (Bohemian Duchcov). A town
of Bohemia, situated about 18 miles west-south- west of AuBsig (Map: Austria, CI). The cas- tle of Count Waldstein contains a picture gal- lerj', a library of some 24.000 volumes, and many relics of the owner's celebrated ancestor Wal- lenstein. The town has manufactures of glass, pottery, porcelain, and sugar. Population, in 1890 (commune). 10.141, mostly Germans; in 1900. 11.021. DUYCKINCK, dilclnk, Evebt Acgttstus (1S10-7S). An American editor, born in Xew S'ork City. He was educated at Columbia Col- lege: traveled in Euro])e, and made early con- tributions to periodicals. From 1840 to 1842 he edited, with Cornelius Matthews, the monthly Arcttiriis. From 1847 to 1853, with a year's break, he edited, with his brother George Long (182.3-43), the Literarif World, an important weekly review. In 1854-55, again with his brother, he prepared the two volumes of the well-kno^vn Ci/clopwdia of American JAterature, a most useful publication. A full list of his voluminous biographical works and of his liter- ary compihitions is unnecessary, but a few titles niav be given: Wit and Wisdotn of Sydney Smith ( 1856) ; Histoni of the War for the Union ( 18G1- 65) ; Poems Relating to the American Revolu- tion (1865) ; Poems of Philip Freneau (1865) ; National Portrait Gallery of Eminent Ameri- cans (ISOfi). DUYCKINCK, Ceoroe Long (1823-63). An American editor and author, born in Xew York City. lie graduated at the T"niversity of Xew York in 1843: was admitted to the bar. l)ut never practiced the law, and was associated with liis brother (E. A. Duyckinck) in the preparation of The Cyclopcedia of Ameriean Literature (2 vols., 1855). His strong interest in all that pertained to the Protestant Episcopal Church induced him to undertake a series of biographies of English clercATiien of that denomination. The volumes treat of George Herbert (1858), Thomas Ken (1850). Jereniv Tavlor (1860), Hugh Latimer (1861). DUYSE, doi'ze, PRrnEXS v.x (1804-59). A Flemish poet, bom at Dendermonde. He served as archivist in his native town, and afterwards at Ghent : was a member of many learned soci- eties in Belgium and France, and contributed greatly to the revival of Flemish literature, both by his poems and dramas, and by studies in the history and literature of Flanders. He was less remarkable for genius than for fertility, though several of his prodtictions in both prose and poetry obtained prizes from literary socie- ties. His more impniiant poetiral publications, issued at various dates from 1836 to 1850, arc: Vaderlandsche Poezy (Patriotic Poetry) : Natalia (Birthday Poetry) ; Eleyicn; Oedichljcs roor Kindereu (Poetiy for Children) ; Het hUiverblad (The Cloverleaf) and Xicuae Kindcryidichtjis (Xew Poems for Children). DVINA, dve-nU'. An important river of northern Russia, formed by the union of the Sukhona and the Jug, at the town of Veliki Ustug, Government of Vologda ( ilap : Russia, F 2). It flows northeast to its junction with tli« Vitcliegda, and then, turning northwest, enters the White Sea by a wide estuary, about twenty- six miles below Archangel. The length of the river is over 760 miles from the source of the Sukliona and over 1100 miles from the source of the Vitcliegda. It is navigable from its junction with the Vitchegda, a distance of over 400 miles. The basin of the river has an area of over 140,000 square miles. The chief tributaries are the Vitchegda, which exceeds in the volume of its waters the upper course of the Uvina, the Pi- nega, and the Vaga. The Vitchegda, Yug. and Sukhona are navigated by steamers. The Dvina is coimected by canals with the Volga and the Xeva. DVORAK, dv.-.r'zhak. AxTONiN (1841-1004). A famous Bohemian composer, born at Miihlhau- sen. He was to follow the occupation of his father, the butcher and innkeeper of the vil- lage, but, upon the advice of DvoTfik's school- master, his first teacher in singing and vio- lin, he was sent, at the age of twelve, to ZIonitz to study the piano, organ, and theory of music, and, two years later, to Kamenitz. where he remained for a year with the organist Uancke. The result of his studies, a polka in orchestral score, at its first performance proved a failure: the young composer was innocent of the existence of transposing instruments, and the trumpets played a fourth higher than intended. In 1857, on his father's promise of a small allowance, he entered the organ school of the Society for Church Music at Prague. Shortly afterwards the meagre pittance was cut oflf. and the composer had to make a living by playing the viola in small bands and cafes, until, in 1862, the orches- tra of which he was a member was engaged at the newly o|)ened Bohemian Theatre in Prague, which in 1871 became the Xalional Theatre. Here he became acquainted with Karl Bcndl. and through him first obtained access to orchestral scores of Beethoven's compositions. The study of original scores induced him to try his hand in the larger forms, and he wrote symphonies, an opera, and chamber music, though his first important work to be heard, the cantata Die Erhcn dcs ueissen Berycs, was not given until 1873. Its success was quite out of the ordinary, and the Austrian Government, after a time, granted him, for his Sounds from Moravia, an annual stipend of .■fl60, later increased to $iW. The composer now heard Die Meistersinger, and set out to write a comic opera. The King and the follier (1874). The score proved such an unproducible monstrosity that it had to be re- written from the first bar to the last, and then it won quite a success (1875). About this time, through the oflfices of Hanslick and Brahms, the judges who had awarded him the stipend. Dvo- ffik received an order from Simrock, of Berlin, and the resulting set of Slavonic Danrrs for pianoforte duets rivaled Brahras's Qypxy Dances
