EAKES. 578 EAR. Braintrce, Mass., and educated at Harvard. In 1845 he was appointed to the Navy Dei)artnient at Washington, where he soon afterwards became associate editor of the Washington Ciiion. He was sent by President Polk to negotiate a treaty with the Sandwicli Islands, and upon his return in 18.)0 again devoted himself to journalism at Nashville and Washington. He was Minister to Venezuela during the administration of Presi- dent Pierce. During his later years he ranked as an authority in admiralty and international law. EAMES, Emma (Mrs. .Tili.a.n Story) (1867 — ). An American soprano, born in Shang- hai. China, where her father was a specialist in international law. She was brought to Maine at five, and a vear later began her piano studies in Boston. Her mother, who was an accomplished amateur singer, took care of her promising voice and later secured Madame Piccioto and Clara Munger as her teachers. From ISStl till 1889 she was a pupil of Marchesi. whose inti- macy with Gounod secured her an engagement at the Grand Opera to replace Patli as .Juliet in tJounod's opera. She made an instantaneous success, and during the two years in Paris sang also ilarguerite and created Colombe in Saint-Saens's Ascaiiio and the title part in Zaire by r>e la Xux. In 1891 she sang in Loiidmi, adding Elsa and Desdemona to her repertniic. Here she married .Julian Story, the portrait painter. In November of that year she ap- peared in New York singing also Santuzza. Eva, and the Countess in Le So:-r di Fignro. Since then she has appeared frequently in New ork, London, Madrid, and :Monte Carlo, where she created Franck's OhhcUe in 1S9G. Her reper- toire, in French. Italian, German, and English includes, besides the parts mentioned, :Micaela. Elisabeth, Sieglinde. Mrs. Ford {Falstaff). Pa- mina, Aida, Valentine, Charlotte (Wcrlhcr), Donna Elvira, Ero, Yasodhara (Liyht of Asia), and l.adv of Longford. She studied many of her later Wagnerian riiles in German with Kniese, and interpretation with Trabadello. EAMES. WiLBF.Ri-OR<E (IS.5.5— ). An Ameri- can libriiri; , born at Newark, N. J. In 188.5 he became an assistant at the Lenox Library. New York Citv, in 1892 assistant librarian, and in 1893 librarian. Subsequent to the consolida- tion, in 1S93. of the Lenox Library with the Astor and Tilden trust foundations, to constitute the New York Public Library, he was known as 'Lenox librarian.' He edited a comparative ar- ramrement (1882) of the King .James and revised versions of the New Testament, vols, xv.-xx. (188.5-92) of Sabin's Dicliaimrn of Books Rc- Uititifi to America, and. for the Lenox Library, a comparative edition of four Latin texts (with new Engl, trans., 1892: rev. ed., 189.3) of Colum- bus's Letter to .sViiic/irr on the Discorcrif of America. His further writings include contribu- tions to Filling's hiilinn Hihliotiraphles (Vo/r.s on EUot'.i Iiidini, liihie separately reprinted in 1890 as a T'nitcd States Government publica- tion), and Kuril/ Yeie F.nflUnul Catechisms (1898). EAX ( AS. fVifC. Ger. O/ir, Goth, aii-so, OChureh Slav. 1/r/io, Lith. ansir. Lat. auri.<i, Gk. o5s, niis, ear). The organ of hearing as it exists in man and the mammalia. It is composed of three parts: the external car. the middle ear or tym- panum, and the internal ear or labyrinth. The ExTER.N.^t. E.r. This consists of two portions, the auricle or pinna (the part popu- '|*^i'-AiTOID CELLS INCUS MALLEUS iEMtCICC CA.WALS .VESTIBULE .STAPES -COCHLEA ^ .CAVITY >*.PANUM Fig. '2. THE AURICLE OH PINNA. EUSTACHIAN TUBE lEMBRANAT)TWRftNI CARTILAGINOUS PORTION Fig. 1. THE OBGAN OF nEABlNIi (BIGHT) FROM IN FRONT. larly recognized as the ear), and the auditory canal or external auditory meatus. The auricle, on its outer or more exposed surface, presents various eminences and depressions, resulting from the form of its cartilaginous framework. The rim, called the helix, incloses a narrow gr<x)ve — the fossa of the helix — of which the inner bound- ary is a hmgi- t u d i n a 1 ridge, parallel to the helix, and known as the antihelix: usually the anti- helix is divided above into two ridges which inclose a shallow depression termed the fossa <^f llie antihelix. The large central hollow containing in its bottom the opening of the auditory canal is called the concha. In front of the' external auditory meatus there is a ])ointed process directed backward and known as the tragus: corresponding to this is the similar process behind the meatus and pointing for- ward, termed the antitragus. The lowest and pendulous portion of the auricle is called the lobule. The intrinsic muscles of the auricle are, in man, functionless. Besides these there are three extrinsic muscles, passing from the adjacent' por- tions of the scalp to "the ear: they are the alt(dlens aurem. attrahens aurem, and retrahens aurem: they arc rudimentary in man, though oc- casional individuals are able to contract them and thus perforin perceptible movements of the ear at will. The auditory canal is slightly arched and passes inward' and a little forward from the concha to the tympanum: it is about I'i inches long: at its oiiter end there are a number of ceruminous glands, which furnish an adhesive, vellow, and bitter substance, the ear-wax (see C'ERIMEN). which serves to protect the ear from insects, dust-particles, etc. The canal is partly cartilaginous and partly osseous: the osseous portion consisting in the fretus of a bony ring, across which the drum-membrane is stretched, and in many animals remaining persistently as
