EELACH. 188 ERMAN. testa nt side. Bernhard of Weimer appointed him in 1038 commandant at Breisach. On the death of Bernhard in 1639 he entered the French ser- vice. He took a prominent part in the battle of Lens under Conde. — Jean Jacques d'Eblach (162S-94) was a French soldier and marshal (16771. He fought tinder Conde. — Jean Louis i-1650 as a descendant of another branch of the family. He fought against Germany (164S), and was made a marshal of France in 1650. Several other members of this family afterwards achieved distinction as soldiers. ERLANGEN, eVlang-en. A Bavarian town on the Regnitz, about 15 miles north-northwest of Nuremberg (Map: Germany. D 4). It consists of the irregularly built old town and the modern handsome new town, the latter founded in 1686, and assigned by the Margrave Christian Ernst of Brandenburg-Baj reuth as a place of residence for numerous Protestant refugees who were compelled to flee from France on t he revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and who introduced many )iev branches of industry into the town. It has a (in sewerage system, and owns water and gas works and a slaughter-house. Chief among its educational institutions are the university (see Eblangen, University of), and the gymnasium, founded in 1745. The principal manufactures are cotton goods, wood, horn, and ivory-ware* and gloves. It- breweries are also of importance. Population, in 1890, 17.5.39; in 1900, 22,953. for a period id two centuries and a half after the Reformation, Erlangen belonged to the Mar- graves of Bayreuth. In 1791 it became Prussian and in 1810 Bavarian. ERLANGEN, UNIVERSITY of. A German uni- versity founded in 1742 at Bayreuth, whence it was moved to Erlangen in the following year. The patronage of the Margraves of Bayreuth, particularly that of Alexander (1769- 92), resulted in the refounding of the institution on a much broader basis, under the title it now bear-, the I'rieihi.h Alexander University. It shared tin- fortunes of the margraviate in the olutionary and Napoleonic wars, and passed successively into The hands of Prussia, France, and finally Bavaria, between 1791 and 1810. About the time of the la-t transfer the University • I Altdorf was united with it. and from that time till within I lie last twenty year- it led the usual life of small German universities, distinguished for its strongly Lutheran tendencies. Since 1880, however, it has enjoyed great prosperity. New buildings have been added, and the number of its students has more than doubled, they being in 1902 more than loon The library contains 213,- i/olumes. Consult: Engelhardt, Die Univer- xit.it Erlangen, t7.'fS-18Jf3 ; and Minerva (Strass- 1890, et Beq. I, ERLAU, er'lon oi Eger. The capital of the nty of I h is. Hungary, about eighty miles theast of Budapest /Map: Hungary, G 3 ) . The Btrci i i and ill kept, hut some of its public buildings are very beautiful. Among the . iihidral in the Italian e, with two 1 et a rid a dome, erected in palace, « it h a valuable library; a lyceum buill by fount Eszterhazy in 1766 85, «iih a h.fty observatory and a library. Then i autiful minaret, the remains que. 'I hi and commerce of i ar.- important Wine production is the chief occupation. The red Erlauer wine is famous as the best in Hungary. Near Erlau, on a spur of the Almagy Mountains, are the ruins of a castle, in the grounds of which is the tomb of Dolo. who defended the town against the Turks in 1552. A bishopric was founded here in the eleventh century by Saint Stephen. In 1241 the place was destroyed by the Tatars, but was soon rebuilt. It was held bv the Turks from 1596 to 1087. Population, in 1890, 22,427; in 1900, 24,050. ERLKONIG, erlTce-niK (Ger., from Dan. elle- konge, elver-konge, elf-king). The name given in popular German mythology to a mischievous spirit that deludes men and children by weird rather than playful seduction. The word is prop- erly Elfenkonig; its present form is due to Her- der, who seems to have misapprehended the etymology of the Danish E1L rrkonge, whence he took the title. The myth came from Scandinavia through Herder's (q.v.) 1'oiccs of the Peoples, which has a translation of the Danish Erlking's Daughter. It passed into universal literature through Goethe's ballad "Der Erlkonig." EEMAN, er'man, Adolf (1854—). A Ger- man Egyptologist, born in Berlin, October 31, 1854. His father, Georg Adolf Erman, and his grandfather, Paul Erman, were both professors of physics in the University of Berlin. Adolf Er- man was educated at Leipzig and Berlin, and in 1S83 was appointed associate professor of Egyp- tology in the latter university. In 1885 he became director of the Egyptian department of the Royal Museum at Berlin, and in ]S!>2 was advanced to the full professorship. Erman's most valuable services to Egyptology lie in the department of Egyptian grammar, and it is due to his labors that this study has been placed upon a truly sci- entific basis. Among his works which have had a most important influence upon the development of modern Egyptology are: Die Pluralbildung des Aegyptischen t Istsi ; Neuiigyptische Grammatik (1880); Die Sprache des Papyrus "ft'estcar (1889); Die Marchen ties Papyrus "Western i 1890) : Altagyptische Grammatik (1894), Eng- lish translation by Breasted (London, 1894) ; Gesprach Bines l.ehensm iiilcn mii seiner Heele (1896); Die Flewion des lagyptischen Verbums (1900); Zauberspriiche fur Mutter mid Kind (1901). Erman's Aegypten mid Aegyptisches I.' In n im Altertum I 1885), translated into Eng- lish by Tirard under the title Life in Ancient Egypt (London and New York, 1894), is the best popular work upon the subject in existence. ERMAN, Georg Adolf (1806-77). A Ger- man physicist, the son of Paul Erman. lie was for a number of year- professor of physical sci- ein e in the University of Berlin. In 1828 he undertook a tour of the world for the purpose of making magnetic determinations at different points of (he globe. Upon the facts thus ascer- tained by Erman as a foundation Gauss built his theory of terrestrial magnetism. Erman pub- lished A'i is, inn die Erde durch Jfordasien und die beiden < hnine (1833-48), and other important « orks. ERMAN, Pail (1764-1851). A German phys icist. W hen t he l nhcisit.v of Berlin was founded i 1810) he was chosen professor of physics, and he held (I Iliee until bis death. He made im- portant discoveries in electricity, magnetism, op li' -, and physiology, and wrote valuable works OB
