EL PASO. 12 ELSINORE. ipal otlicials are chosen by popular election, ex- cept the chief of police, who is nominated by the mayor and confirmed by the council, and the city clerk and electrician. The last two are elected by the council. El Paso is supposed to have been early visited by Spanish explorers. It was first settled in 1827, and was incorporated in 1869. During the Civil War it was occupied alternately by Federal and Confederate troops, and for a time was the base for operations against New Mexico and Arizona. Long an unimportant village, with a population in 1880 of only "Mil. it developed rapidlv, and in 1890 had a population of 10,338, and of 15,906 in 1900. EL PASO DEL NORTE, el pa'so del nor'ta. See Ciudad Juarez. EL'PHINSTONE, George Keith. See Keith, George Keith-Elphinstone. ELPHINSTONE, Mountstuart (1779-1859). An Anglo-Indian statesman and historian, one of the founders of the Indian Empire, the fourth son of John, eleventh Baron Elphinstone. Part of his boyhood was spent in Edinburgh Castle, of which stronghold his father was governor. He was educated at the Edinburgh High School, and afterwards at Kensington. In his seven- teenth year he proceeded to Calcutta in the em- ploy of the East India Company, and two years later, in 1798. escaped the massacre of Europeans at Benares only by the fleetness of his horse. He became assistant to the British Resident at I'oonah in 1801, ami later, although a civilian, acted as aide-de-camp to Sir Arthur Wellesley, and took an active part in the battles of Assaye, Argaum, and Gawilgarh. After the Mahratta W'ai- he was appointed Resident at Nagpur. In 1838 he was -'Hi as Envoy to Kabul, and in 1811 "a- made Resident at Poonah. On the renewal of hostilities with theMahrattas in 1817 he assumed command of the English troops during the battle ot Kirki, and contributed largely to their success. lie subsequently governed the conquered districts with remarkable force and considerateness, pre- serving the native customs and rights, so as to win the regard of hi- subjects, aid strengthen British rule, in is2n 27 lif was Lieutenant Govei i tomba j and di evt up 1 he Elphinstone I lode of laws, which laid the foundation of State educa- tion in India, lie -pent two years in travel, visiting Egypt, Palestine, Greece, Turkey, Italy, and France, ami returned to England in 1820, after thirty-three year-' absence, lie was twice the i iovei noi ' ieneralship of India, hut declined, ami hi- last thirty years were devoted ip. ill- » rote i n i ■ Col d Jti Depi ndt ncU •■■ lary Persia, and India (1815), and a His- Ha (1841), Both an i andard aut hor- i' e V statue ii erected in Sa int i dral ih i olebroke, I Mount i turn I Elp I I .ondon, 1884), and Hcbi r, ondon, 1844), ELPHINSTONE, in i i i. 1431 L514). A ici statesman : founder "i Vber- deen I Elphin i i Kirkmii Vrch i c iotdali born tl I llasgow , mar gchi In hi- I ' li inn In me le ill lie lie dent ol en ii and Paris, where he so distinguished himself that after three years he obtained a Doctorate of Decrees, was appointed professor, and also be- came lecturer at Orleans University. He re- turned to Scotland after an absence of nine years, and became successively Official-General of the diocese of Glasgow (1471-72), rector of the uni- versity i 1474). and Archdeacon of Lismore, ju- dicial official of Lothian, and Privy Councilor (1478). He effectively accomplished several im- portant and delicate missions to France, Eng- land, Burgundy, and Austria, and his services were rewarded with the bishopric of Ross in 1481, and that of Aberdeen in 1483. Under James III. he was Chancellor of the kingdom, and under James IV., Keeper of the Privy Seal from 1492 until his death. The establishment of printing in Scotland was due to his influence and support. In 1494 he procured the Papal bull for the foundation of Aberdeen University, which was dedicated to Saint Mary in 1500, and its name afterwards changed to King's College. The books that, as a student, he filled with notes on law, are preserved in the university library. His principal work is Breviarium Aberdonense (1509- 10; reprint, 2 vols., London, 1850). EL ROSARIO, el rd-sa're-6. See Rosario. ELSASS and ELSASS - LOTHRINGEN, el'ziiss lot'ring-en. See Alsace-Lorraine. ELS'BERG, els'berK, Louis (1836-85). A Ger- man-American physician, born at Gerlohn, Prus- sia. He published numerous papers on the diseases of the throat, edited the Archives of Laryngology, introduced the art of laryngoscopy into the United States, and wrote The Throat and the Production of the Voice (1880), and Harmony, Sound, and Music. He was the first to illustrate the charac- ter of undertones and the division of sound, and invented many instruments which are used almost exclusively in operations on the throat and ear. ELSHEIMER, elslil-mer, Adam (1578-1620). A German painter. He was born in Frankfort -on- the Main, and studied with Philipp Uffenbach (here, and probably with Johann Rottenhammer in Rome, where he enjoyed the patronage of Pope Paul V. He is especially celebrated as the found er of the influential school of painting which was afterwards prominently represented by Rem- brandt and Claude Lorrain. He was a master of landscape, and introduced a more realistic and natural spirit into the biblical and mythological genre Several of his best works, arc preserved in the museums of Berlin, Dresden, Hamburg, Mu- nich, Koine, ami France, and there is scarcely an important gallery in Kuropc which docs not pos- sess some specimen of his art. ELSIE VENNER, A ROMANCE OF DES- TINY. A novel by Oliver Wendell Holmes, first published as Thi Professor's /.ore Story, in the Atlantic Monthly M agazine during 1860, Through ii run- a physiological theory of prenatal influ- ence, the heroine having some of the ehni ■acteris 6 rattlesnake, owing to the fad thai her mother during pregnancy had been charmed by I he-e repl lie ELSINORE, M'si nor', Dan. HELSINGOR, !■■ i ' ne 5] seaporl of Denmark, on the isl- and ' ,ii.i on I he western shore of ihe Sound, al ii- narrowest pari, opposite the Swedi Ii town ol Helsingborg, and 24 miles north of ■ n I Ms p Denmark. F 2). The town has
