based on the legal fiction that such privileged persons carry with them the laws of their own country, the residence of an ambassador or the deck of a man-of-war being regarded as a part .il of the country whose flag they fly. See TERRITORIALITY.
EXTRAV AGAN'TES CON'STITTJ'TIO'NES (Lat., extravagant constitutions). Papal constitutions of John XXII. and some of his sucirs, supplemental to the 'Corpus Juris Canonid." They got their name from the faet that
they were not arranged in order with the other
constitutions, but were 'outside wanderers' from
the general code.
EXTRAV AGAN'ZA (It., extravagance). A
musical or dramatic piece of great wildness or
absurdity) characterized by extravagant and fan-
tastic qualities. The term is often applied to any
extravagant piece of writing, such as Thackeray's
Novels by Eminent Hu>ids.
EXTRAV ASA'TION (from JIL. extravasa
tus, extravasated, from Lat. extra, beyond + vas,
vessel). The escape of any of the fluids of the
living body from their proper vessels through a
rupture or injury in their walls. Excrementi-
tious matter thus sometimes escapes into the
abdomen through a wound or ulceration of the
bowels. But the term is oftenest used in speak-
ing of the escape of blood from injured blood-ves-
sels. Extravasation is distinguished from exuda-
tion by this, that in the last the vessels remain
i mire," and the effusion takes place by filtration
through their walls: nor does more than a part
of the blood so escape, the blood-globules being
retained, while in extravasation entire blood is
effused. Many kinds of extravasation are rapidly
fatal, such as that of urine or of gall into the
abdomen, or of blood from the vessels of the brain
in many cases of apoplexy. The dark color re-
sulting from a bruise is owing to extravasated
blood from lacerated capillaries.
EXTREME UNCTION (Lat. extrema unc-
Ho). A sacrament of the Roman Catholic Church,
which, as the other sacraments supply spiritual
aid in the various circumstances of life, is be-
lieved to impart to the Christian grace and
strength to encounter the struggle, as well spir-
itual as bodily, of the dying hour. The rite of
unction or anointing in different form- is com-
mon to several of the sacraments; the name 'ex-
treme' is given to that of the present sacrament
because ii is reserved for the last act of the Chris-
tian career. The Council of Trent declares this
sacrament, although 'promulgated' in the well-
known passage of Saint .lames v. 14. 15, to have
been 'instituted' by < 'hrist. The fathers fre-
quently allude to the rite of unction, and al-
though ni;in of these allusions certainly refer to
the unctions of baptism and confirmation, yet
Catholics rely on several passages of Origen,
Chrysostom, Cajsarius of Aries, and I'ope [nno-
cenl I. as decisive regarding the unction of the
dyii 1 1 o upon the fad thai in the various
ii.. churches of Oriental Christians —
Greek, Coptic, Armenian, and Nestorian — the
rile is found, although with many ceremonial
variations, in the Roman Catholic Church the
I is administered by the priest, who.
"dipping hi- thumb in the holy oil, anoints the
person, in the form of the cross, upon the
e. mouth, hands, and feet, ai each
anointing making use of ibis form of prayer:
’Through this holy unction, and His most tender
mercy, may the Lord pardon thee whatever sins
thou hast committed by thy sight. Amen.'" And
so of the hearing and the rest, adapting the form
to the several senses. Extreme unction is re-
puted by Catholics one of the sacraments 'of the
living': that is. it ordinarily requires that the
recipient should be in a state of grace, or,
in other words, should have received the re-
mission of his sins by absolution or by perfect
contrition; but it is held to remit, indirectly,
actual sins not previously remitted, and also
(although not infallibly, but according to the
merciful designs of Providence) to alleviate, and
even to dispel, the pains of bodily disease. The
holy oil which forms the 'matter' of this sacra-
ment must be blessed by the bishop — a ceremony
which is performed with great solemnity once
each year by the bishop, attended by a number of
priests, on Maundy Thursday. The oil so blessed
is reserved for use during the year. Formerly
several priests united in the administration of
the sacrament, and the custom is still maintained in the Greek Church; among Roman
Catholics one priest now administers it. The
Greek form of words also differs, although not
substantially, from that of the Latin Church.
The Greeks call this sacrament 'the holy oil,' and
sometimes 'the oil of prayer.' Consult: Schanz.
Die Lehre von (leu heiliyrn fincruniciitrn i Frei-
burg, 1893) ; Schmitz. Dc Effeetibus Sacramenti
Extrema Unctionis (Freiburg, 1893). See Unc-
tion.
EXTJMAS, eks-oT/nu'iz. An archipelago in the
British West Indies, part of the Bahamas (q.v. ),
between Andros and Long Island (Map: West In-
dies, J 3). It comprises the islands of Great
Exuma, Little Exuma, and the Exuma Keys, occu-
pying a total area of about 100 square miles.
Little Exuma has one of the best harbors in the
Bahama group. The inhabitants are employed
partly in agriculture, but chiefly in salt-making.
The population of the group is estimated at 2300.
EYAS, i'as. See Falconry.
EYBE, ilie, Albreciit von (1420-75). A Ger-
man writer, born in Franconia. He studied at
Pavia. became Archdeacon of Wlirzburg in 1449,
and later entered the service of Pope Pius II.
His work on marriage, entitled Ehestandsbucli
(1472), has frequently been reprinted. The
most recent editions are those of K. Mfiller
( Sondershausen, 1879) and Herrmann (Berlin.
1890).
EYCK, Ik, Huyrreciit (Hubert), (e.1370-
1426), and Jan (John), van (c.1390-1440).
Brothers, Flemish painters, founders of the
schools of painting of the Netherlands and in
Germany. Their fame rests upon two of the
greatest services to modern art that it is possible
to conceive — namely, the invention of an im-
proved technique of oil painting, which caused its
universal adoption, and the introduction of mil
uralism into modern art. The Van Eycks first
mixed their colors upon the palette, obtaining
clear, transparent lines — a proceeding so advan-
tageous that it was speedily introduced into the
Netherlands, into Germany, and into Italy. But
even more important was the introduction of mil
uralism into modern art. Before their time paint-
ing had been conventional; architecture was used
as a decoration only, and there were practically
no landscapes. The Van Eycks were the lir-t to
