FAIRFAX. 429 FAIR HAVEN. fax, he was bom at Denton, Yorkshire, January 17, 1612. After receiving his education at Saint John's College, Cambridge, he served as a volun- teer in Holland under Lord Vere of Tilbury, whose daughter Anne he married shortly alter his return to England. Although he was knighted in 1640 by Charles I., lie declared for the Parlia- mentary eause, ami was appointed cavalry gen- eral under his father, who c imanded I lie northern Parliamentary forces, lie distinguished himself at Marston Moor, July 2, lt>44. On the resignation of the Earl of Essex he wa* appointed eommander-general of the Parliamentary forces, with Cromwell as lieutenant-general, (in June 14, 1645, Fairfax, seconded by Cromwell and [reton, gained a great victory at Nascby. Fair- fax refused to march against the Scots, who had proclaimed Charles 11. King, and Crom- well succeeded him as commander-in-chief. Fair- fax retired into private life with a pension of £5000, and devoted his leisure to literary pur- suits. After Cromwell's death he represented Yorkshire in Richard Cromwell's first Parlia- ment, lie was leader of the delegates appointed to confer with Charles II. at The Hague. He spent his last years in retirement at Bilburgh, near York, where he died, February 12, 1671. Short memorials of Thomas, Lord Fairfax (1699), a record of the Civil War, is the most important of his writings, which included theo- logical, poetical, and other compositions. Con- sult : The Fairfax Correspondence (4 vols., Lon- don. IK1S-49) ; Markham, The Great Lord Fairfax (Xondon, 1870). FAIRFAX, Thomas, sixth Baron Fairfax I 1692-1782). An American Colonial pioneer, the best-known of the Virginia Fairfaxes. He was horn in England. His father. Thomas, by mar- riage with the daughter of Lord Culpepper, had acquired immense estates in Virginia, comprising in all twenty : one counties, lying mostly between the Potomac and the Rappahannock, and forming almost one-quarter of the entire Colony of Vir- ginia. Thomas, the son, after graduating at Ox- ford, visited his American estates in 1739, and seven or eight years later, as a result, it is said, of a disappointment in love, left England and settled permanently in Virginia. Thither his younger brother, Sir William, had preceded him a few years earlier, and the latter's daughter Anne had become the wife of Lawrence, the elder brother of George Washington. This connection of the Fairfax and Washington families led to the friendship of Lord Fairfax and George Washington. which lasted throughout the Revolution. Lord Fairfax took the young Washington under his protection, em- ployed him in important surveying work of his own, and endeavored to further his interests with the Provincial Government. He was an ardent Loyalist during the Revolution, but being ad- vanced in age and much respected, he was allowed to dwell in peace in his manor house near Win- chester. He died soon after the capitulation of Cornwallis at Yorktown. FAIR'FIELD. A town and port of entry in Fairfield County, Conn., 4 miles from Bridge- port and ",'2 miles northeast of New York City, on Long Island Sound, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Con- necticut, C 5). A popular summer resort, it has a beautiful situation and one of the finest beaches on the Sound. There are two libraries — the Pequot and the Memorial, the town manu- factures rubber goods anil paper, and send- a considerable amount ot produce to New York markets. Population, in 1890, :;hi;s ; in L900 1489. Fairfield was settled and incorporated in 1639. It- town hall, originally built in 1720, contains records dating back to mis. Near Fairfield, in 1637, the Pequot Indian wen -4 exterminated. On July 6, 177!'. Governor hum, at lire head of a force of lle.-M.ni and Tories, entered the town after a sharp skirmish, and on the following day almost completely de- stroyed it by lire. Consult: Child. A ,i 1)1,1 .Inn England Town (New York, 1895) ; Osgood, Cen tennial Commemoration of II" Burning <•/ Fail /i, 1,1 (New York, 1879). FAIRFIELD. A city and the county-seat of Jefferson County, Iowa, 112 miles east by south of Des Moines; on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroads (Map: Iowa, F 4). Parsons College (Presbyterian), opened in 1875, is situated hen and there is a fine court-house as well as an at tractive public library. The leading manufac tures include agricultural implements, wagons, furniture, trunks, brooms, and tile. Settled in 183!), Fairfield was incorporated in 1847. It is governed, under a charter of 1857, by a mayor, elected every two years, and a unicameral city council. The city owns and operates its water- works and electric-light plant. Population, in 1890, 3301; in 1900, 4689. FAIRFIELD. A city and the county-seat of Wayne County, 111., 109 miles, east-southeast of Saint Louis, Mo.; on the Southern and the Bal- timore and Ohio Southwestern railroads (Map: Illinois, D 5). Hayward Collegiate Institute is situated here. The city has a trade in grain, live stock, tobacco, etc., and manufactures (lour, lumber, and jeans. Population, in 1890, 1881; in 1900, 2338. FAIR'FORD, Alan. The young friend and correspondent of Darsie Latimer, in Scott's novel Redgauntlet (1824). In the character Scott probably meant to portray himself and his visits to .Mrs. Waldie, of Kelso. FAIR GOD, The. A story of the conquest of Mexico, by Lew Wallace (1873). The fair god was Quetzal, a Mexican divinity who introduced civilization and disappeared. According to a legend, he was to return under conditions partly fulfilled by Cortez, whose victory over Monte- zuma was thus made easier. FAIR HAVEN. A town in Bristol County, Mass., on the Aeushnet River, and on the New Y'ork, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Massachusetts. F 4 ) . It lies opposite New Bed- ford, three fourths of a mile distant, with which it is connected by two bridges, as well as by ferry and electric railroad. It has a good harbor. The town is increasing in popularity as a summer resort, and is equipped with a handsome town hall and the Millicent Public Library, of 15,000 volumes. There are fishing and shipbuilding in- terests, and manufactures of tacks, nails, iron castings, cut glass, whale-boats, and oil-cask-. The government is administered by annual and special town meetings. Fair Haven was separated from New Bedford and incorporated as a town in 1812. On September 7. 1778. the militia commanded by Major Israel Fearing repulsed a British attack here. Population, in 1890, 2919;
