(Congregational), opened in 1887, and the State Agricultural College, founded in 1890. Other features of interest are the Roman Catholic and Protestant Episcopal cathedrals, and Island and Woodland parks. The government is administered under a charter of 1895 which provides for a unicameral city council, and a mayor, who is elected biennially, and controls the appointments to the several municipal boards. The city owns and operates its water-works. Settled in 1871, Fargo was incorporated in 1875. A fire on June 7, 1893, destroyed property valued at $3,000,000. Population, in 1880, 2693; in 1900, 9589.
FAR′GUS, Frederick John (1847-85). An English novelist (pseudonym, Hugh Conway), born in Bristol. An auctioneer by trade, he did not acquire reputation as an author until 1884, when he published Called Back, a novel which became very popular both in Europe and America, was translated into six languages, and successfully dramatized in London. Among other works may be mentioned Dark Days; Slings and Arrows; A Cardinal Sin; and Bound Together.
FARIA, fȧ-rē′ȧ, Abbé. One of the names assumed by the Count of Monte Cristo.
FARIA Y SOUSA, fȧ-rē′ȧ ē̇ sō′ĭ-zȧ, Manoel (1590-1649). A Portuguese-Spanish historian and poet. He was born upon an estate near Pombeiro, in the Province of Minho, was educated at Braga, entered the service of the Bishop of Oporto, but shortly after 1613 went to Madrid. In 1631 he was attached to the Spanish Embassy at Rome, where his talents attracted the attention of Pope Urban VIII. and many learned Italians. Returning to Spain, he made his home in Madrid, where he died. His numerous historical works, written in Spanish, include: Epitome de las historias portuguezas (1628); Asia portugueza (1666-73); Africa portugueza (1681). His poems were collected under the title Fuente de Aganipe, rimas varias (1624-27), besides three other volumes, Fabula de Narciso e Echo, Divinas y humanas flores, and Noches claras (1623-24). They consist of sonnets, eclogues, canzones, and madrigals, most of them written in Spanish. About 200 of the sonnets, however, and 12 eclogues are in the Portuguese language. He is also the author of a commentary upon the Lusiad, which, though thoroughly uncritical, is not without interest to students of Camões.
FARIBAULT, fâr′ĭ-bō. A city and the
county-seat of Rice County, Minn., 52 miles south of
Saint Paul; at the junction of the sStraight and
Cannon rivers, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee
and Saint Paul, the Chicago and Great Western,
and other railroads (Map: Minnesota, E 6). It
has a fine location, in a region which abounds in
beautiful lakes. Faribault is noted as an
educational centre, having State institutions for the
deaf, blind, and feeble-minded, the Seabury
Divinity School, opened in 1859, the Shattuck School
for Boys, Saint Mary's School for Girls (Protestant
Episcopal), and Bethlehem Academy for Girls
(Roman Catholic). There is a public library,
founded in 1874. Among the industrial plants
are piano, wagon, and furniture factories, and
flouring and woolen mills. Faribault was settled
about 1850, and incorporated some twenty-seven
years later. Its present government is
administered by a mayor, elected annually, and a
unicameral council. The city owns and operates its
water-works. It was the home of Bishop Whipple,
well known for his labors among the Indians.
Population, in 1890, 6520; in 1900, 7868.
FARIDKOT, fûr′ē̇d-kōt′. A native Sikh State of Punjab, India, with a capital of the same name 60 miles southeast of Lahore. Area, 612 square miles. Population, in 1891, 115,000; in 1901, 124,900.
FARĪD-UD-DĪN ʿAṬṬĀR, fȧ-rēd′ ụd dēn ȧt-tär′ (c.1119-1229). A Persian poet and mystic. He was the son of a druggist, brought up to his father's business, and his real name was Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, his better-known appellation, Farīd-ud-Dīn ʿAttār (‘the pearl of the faith, the druggist’), being a poet's name, or takhallus. His life of 110 years was spent in the neighborhood of the city of Naishâpur. During the invasion of Genghiz Khan he fell a victim to an ignorant Mongol soldier. He studied the mystic philosophy of the Sufis, and was its principal representative after his pupil Jalāl ud-Dīn Rūmī. He was a voluminous writer, leaving no fewer than 120,000 couplets of poetry. His most famous work is the “Mantiq ut-Tair,” or parliament of birds, an allegorical poem, according to which the birds, weary of anarchy, longed for a king. As the hoopoe who had guided Solomon through the desert best knows what a king should be, he is asked whom they shall choose. “The Simurgh in the Caucasus,” is his reply. But the way to the Caucasus is long and dangerous, and most of the birds excuse themselves from the journey. A few, however, set out; but by the time they reach the great King's court, their number is reduced to thirty. The thirty birds, wing-weary and hunger-stricken, at length gain access to their chosen monarch, the Simurgh; but only to find that they strangely lose their identity in his presence—that they are he, and he is they. Consult: Garcin de Tassy, Mantic uttaïr ou le langage des oiseaux, poème de philosophie religieuse, par Farid-uddin Attar (Paris, 1857-63); Fitzgerald, Salāmān and Absál . . . together with A Bird's-Eye View of Farid-uddin Attar's Bird-Parliament, edited by Dole (Boston, 1899).
FARINA, fȧ-rī′nȧ or fȧ-rē′nȧ (Lat., flour, from far, coarse grain). The flour or powder of substances rich in starch, including cereal grains, as wheat and rice, leguminous seeds, as peas and beans, and roots such as potato and arrowroot, and other like compounds. A food product called farina, similar to hominy, but with coarser granules than meal and finer than those of hominy, is made from white maize. A similar granulated preparation, prepared from the inner portion of the finest wheat, is similarly named. Both products are employed in the making of gruel, puddings, etc. Farina is an important constituent of numerous prepared foods that are called farinaceous on account of the starch that they contain. In botany the pollen of flowers was formerly called farina.
FARINA, fȧ-rē′nȧ, Salvatore (1846—). A popular Italian novelist, whose sense of humor and graphic portrayal of character have earned him the title of the Italian Dickens. He was born at Sorso, in Sardinia, and studied law at Turin and Pavia, but after graduation devoted himself to a literary career, and made his home perma-
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