FOG. 77>. ward to the colder layers. On the other hand, when cold air Hows over warm land or "water the vapor rising from the latter is also quickly condensed, as it cools both by contact and by radiation. Thus fogs are formed over lakes, rivers, and marshes in the evening when the warm vapor from these penetrates the colder air above. Whenever cold dry air from the American continent Hows southeastward over the Gulf stream, fogs are formed. Or whenever cold and warm streams of water lie adjacent to each other, the air from the warmer, moister region is carried over to the cold water, and cools by radia- tion until fog is formed. The densest fogs oil' the eastern coast of New England and Newfound- land come with an east or southeast or south- west wind. Those on the Pacific Coast of Cali- fornia come with the west and northwest winds. The light morning fogs over grassy plains and swamps are due to cooling by radiation, and occur in still, clear weather within areas of high pressure. The fog known as London fog, or dry fog, is due principally to the condensation of aqueous vapor upon the immense number of nuclei float- ing in the atmosphere as smoke from the soft- coal fires. In general, every particle of fog has a minute nucleus of dust or germs, or other solid particles, so that it is often injurious to health to inhale it. (See Dust.) In London the deaths during foggy weeks always exceed those during pleasant weather. See Fog-Signals. FOGARASSY, fd'go-rosh-e, Janos (1801-78). An Hungarian jurist and philologist, born at Kiismark (County of Zips). In 1829 he was admitted to the bar, in 1S48 became Councilor in the Hungarian Finance Ministry, and subse- quently president of the Council of Commerce, and a judge of the Supreme Court. He wrote on Hungarian jurisprudence and finance (The Hun- garian Laic of Trade and Exchange, 1840; The Hungarian Haul:, 1848) ; but is best known for the great Dictionary of the Hungarian Language (G vols., 1801-74), prepared under the auspices of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences ( from 1861 to 1806 in collaboration with Gregory Czuczor ) . This work is very inclusive, and con- tinues to be regarded as standard, despite the fact that it is often at variance with the princi- ples of modern philology. FOGAZZARO, fo'ga-tsa'rS, Antonio (1842 — ). An Italian novelist and poet, born at Vi- cenza. He first attracted attention by a poem, Miranda { 1874), which was followed by a collec- tion of lyrics, entitled Valsolda (1876). After- wards he wrote many novels, which have placed inn among the first Italian writers. He has much dramatic invention and imagination, and his outlook is more spiritual and his tendency more idealistic than either D'Annunzio's or Farina's. Among liis work-, main of which have been trans- lated, are: Ualombra (1882); Vn pensiem di Ernies Torranza (1882); // fiasco del maestro Ohieco (1885); Danieh Cortis (1887), his best story: Fedele (1887); /' misterio del poeta (1888); Eva (1892); // piccolo mondo antico i L896) : Pi r la bi '/• zza di un' idea ( L892) : and 1 iia vigilia (1896). For his biography, consult Molmenti i Milan, 1900). FOG-BOW. A while halo formed in or on the surface of n bank of fog. See H kxo. FOG-SIGNALS. FOGELBERG, fo'gel-berK, Bengt Erlanji I 1786-1854). A Swedish sculptor, born at Go- thenburg. He began to study at the Academy of Stockholm, and then went to Paris (1820), and studied painting under Guerin and modeling un- der Bosio. Subsequently he went to Koine, where he produced a statue, "Mercury" (1825), which was praised by Thorwaldsen, and his talent won immediate recognition. He was appointed Court sculptor oy King Charles XIV., and for him exe- euted'his statue of "Odin." Upon his return to Sweden Fogelberg was received with great honor, but his health failed, and at the height of his fame he died suddenly at Tries!. The variety of his subjects and the originality of his con- ception have made him rank among the first artists of his country. Others of his works are: "Thor and Baldur" (1842); "Love, the Con- queror" (1831) ; "Venus Vietrix"( 1839) ; statues of Charles XIII., Charles XIV., and Gustavus Adolphus (18491 : and "Birger Jarl" (1853), on the Riddarholm Place, Stockholm. Consult Le- conte, L'auvre de Fogelberg (Paris, 1856). FOGGIA, foj'a. A flourishing city in South Italy, capital of the Province of Foggia, 123 miles northeast of Naples (Map: Italy, K 6). The Norman cathedral was partly destroyed by an earthquake in 1731 ; it was afterwards rebuilt in modern st.yle. Piazza Frederico Secondo, with its Emperor's Fountain, commemorates the fact that Frederick II. was often a resident. In 1240 he held a parliament here. The city has a beauti- ful custom-house, a theatre, a. gymnasium, and other schools and public gardens, and a. library. It is the principal market of Apulia, which pro- duces wine, oil, grain, cattle, and capers. Popu- lation of commune, in 1881, 40,283; in 1901, 53.S51. FOG-HORNS. See Fog-Signals. FOGLIETTA. fd-lygt'ta, Uberto (1518-81). An Italian historian. He was born in Genoa, of a noble family, and was educated at Padua and Rome. The publication of his first work, Delia re- pubblica di Genoa (1559), caused his banish- ment from his native city and the loss of his estates, so that he spent the remainder of his life in Rome under clerical protection, and de- voted himself to literature. Four volumes of his historical essays were published in Rome in 1579, under the title of Clarorum Ligurwm Elogia. He wrote also Histories Oenuensium (1585), which Serdanati translated into Italian, and other works of minor importance sufficient to place him in the front rank of Latin writers in Italy. FO'GO (Port., fire: so called from the volcano in the island). One of the Cape Verde Islands (q.v.), lying west of Santiago. It has an aiv.i of 170 square miles, and about 16.000 inhabit- ants. The soil i- productive, but the climate is unhealthful. Its volcano, the only active one in the group, is over 9000 feet high. Chief town and port. Nossa Senhora da l.uz. FOGO. A port of entry, capital of Fogo Isl- and, at the southwe-1 entrance to Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland. 122 miles northweBi of Sainl John's. It is a busy fishing and trading per* Population, in 1891, 1020; in 1901, 1 I 18, FOG-SIGNALS. The chief use of fog signals is to give facilities to approaching vessels when not in si^rht of one another, to enable them to
