FOLGER. 782 moved to Martha's Vineyard in 1641, where he upied as a school-teacher, a land sur- veyor, and an assistant to Thomas Mayhew in missionary work among the Indians. Aboul 1663 lie removed to Nantucket, where he acted as surveyor and interpreter, and for a short time as clerk of the courts. His daughter Abia was the mother of Benjamin Franklin. Fblger was the author of a crude but vigorous work in verse, 1 Loohvng-Qlass for the Times; or, Tin Former Spirit of Vew England Keoived in this Genera i, ',,1 i L676), in which, addressing himself to the Governors of the Colonies at the time, he advo- cates liberty of conscience and toleration of the Anabaptists, Quakers, and sects which hadhither- ii suffered persecution, and asserts that King Philip's War and other calamities are to be re- garded as judgments of God for the absence of such toleration in the past. A reprint may be found in Stedman and Hutchinson, Library of American Literature, vol. i. (New York, 1887). FOLGORE DI SAN GEMINIANO, f&l'gS- ra de san ja'me-nya'no. An Italian poet, who flourished about the close of the thirteenth cen- tury. Of his life little is known. He was a contemporary of Dante and a writer of sonnets, some of which have been translated into English by D. G. Eossetti and J. A. Symonds. He wrote a series of political sonnet-, which arc of interest from their allusions to Italian life and society of the day. and another series celebrating the pleas- ures of the months and the days of the week. These latter are remarkable for their curious imagery mid gentle satire. Consult: Rossetti, Dante and Sis Circle i London, 1S74I : and Na- vone, Le rime di Folgore (Bologna, 1880). FOLIATION (from ML. foliare, to put forth leaves, from Lat. folium. Ok. (pv/'/ov, phyllon, leaf). In geology, a term used t>> designate a parallel arrangement of mineral constituents in rocks, as in gneisses and schists. By some geolo- gists it i- distinguished from cleavage, schistosity. or slatiness, but this distinction is not based on essential differences. See Cleavage. FOLIES-BERGERE, fo'le' bar'zhar'. A well- knoun amusement hall on the Rue Richer, Paris. It was founded in 1869 as a variety theatre, and offers musical and acrobatic performances, dances, and similar entertainment. It i- provided with Large corridors, serving as a promenade and a cafe. The inline has been adopted by many other theatre- in France. FOLIGNO. f.vle'nyo (Lat. Fvlginium, Ful- gvnia). A city in the Province of Perugia, cen- tral Italy. 700 feet almve the sea, 80 miles south- west ui Ancona (Map: Italy. G ."i i . In the Pinaeoteca are Roman reliefs and paintings by I mbrian masters; in the Church of Santa Maria infra Portas, which has an eighth-century por- tico, are numerous frescoes of the fifteenth cen- tury by NiccolO da Foligno, who was born here and was the head of the Foligno school of painl bag; in the Church of San NiccolO arc an altar- piece ami a "Coronation of the Virgin" by the me artist. The cathedral has a thirteenth- century portal, fifteenth -century frescoes, and a lew ninth-century columns. In Bevagna, live miles to the west, are two 1 w d it li rent un- churches, one of which has been restored a - a national mom mt, and in the churches of the hboring Montefalco arc many of the best I ings of the I'mlirian school. In Trcvi. the FOLKESTONE. ancient Trehia, five miles south of Foligno, there are also important paintings, while from Le Vene, still farther to the south, can he seen thi called Temple of Clitumnus (sueh a temple hav- ing been mentioned by Pliny), now known to be a sixth-century church built from the materials of ancient tombs. Foligno ha- a large theatre, a gymnasium, a technical school, a seminary, and a chamber of commerce. It markets silk, and manu- factures machinery, leather, paper, and snap. The city was destroyed by the Perugians in 128L It .is ruled by the Trinci from 1305-1439, when it was annexed to the States of the Church. Popu- lation of commune, in 1881, 23,000; in l'.iol, 20,111. FO'LIO (Lat.. alii. sing, of folium, leaf). A book formed of sheets so folded as to make two leaves. See Book. FOLIO, Tom. A personage appearing in num- ber 158 of 77ie Taller. In drawing it Addison is said to have had in mind the bibliomaniac Thomas Rawlinson. FOLIUM (Lat., leaf). A curve first studied by Descartes. Its equation in rectangular co- ordinates is so* + y* — Saxy = ; hence the curve is of the third order. (See Ctjbves.) The origin is a double point, and the axes of coordinates are the tangents at this point, as they appear in the figure. The line x + y + a = is an asymptote iq.v. I. and its infinite point of contact is a real point of inflection. FOLKES, fok-.. Mabttn (1690-1754). An English antiquary and scientist, born in Lon- don, and educated at Cambridge. In 1722 he ias appointed vice-president of the Royal So- ciety, over which he frequently presided when Sir Isaac Newton was absent, and of which he was chosen president in 1741. He was also presi- dent of the Antiquarian Society from 1740 until his death. He was a friend of Sir Isaac Newton, and was distinguished for his extensive informa- tion and upright character. The works entitled ,1 Table of English Cold Coins from thi Eigh- teenth Year of King Edward III. (1736) and I Table of English Silver Coins from tht Vor- man Conquest to Ho- Present Time (1745) were published by him at his own expense, and re- printed by the Society of Antiquaries in 178& They were furnished with more than forty en- graving-, and were much consulted by anti- quaries. He also contributed valuable papers cm Roman antiquities to the Transactions of the Royal am] Ant iquarian societ ies. FOLKESTONE, fok'ston. A seaport and municipal borough in Kent, England, on the Strait of Dover, seven miles west-southwest "f
