GOUJON. 81 GOULD. work on the Louvre is the gallcrj' for musicians, which stands in the hall now occuijied by a pai-t of the Museum of Antiquities. The four cary- atides which support this gallery may be com- pared with the caryatides of the Ereclitheion at Athens. The date of the last one is September (i, 15(i2. Goujon, like most of the great artists of his day, was a Huguenot. There is a tradition that he was killed in the ma.ssacre of Saint Bar- tholomew (August 24, 1572). Consult: Gonse, La sculpture frantaise depuis le XlVeme siecle (Paris, 1895) ; Palustre, La renaissance en France, vol. ii. (ib., 1881) ; Lami, Dirtionnnire des sculpteurs de I'icole frangaise (ib., 1898); Pattison, The Renaissance of Art in France, vol. i. (London, 1879) ; Bauchal, Xouveau dictioiinaire hiocfraphique et critique des architectes frangais (Paris, 1887); and Jlon- taiglon. "Jean Goujon et la verite sur la date de .sa mort," in Gazette des Beaux-Arts (Paris, 189.5). GOXJLBURN, gnl'burn. A city in New South Wales, Australia, 120 miles southwest of Syd- ney, on the left bank of the Wollondilly River, and on the Great Southern Railroad (Map: Aus- tralia, H 5). Gold and copper are found near bj', and there are tanneries, boot and shoe fac- tories, flour-mills, and breweries; but the main business of the region is agriculture. The town is well built, and owns gas ami wMter-works. Population, in 1891, 10,910; in 1901. 10,680. GOULBTJBN, Henry (1784-1856). An Eng- lish sUitesman. He was boni in London, was edu- cated at Trinity College. Cambridge, and entered Parliament in 1808. Four .vears later he be- came Under-Secretary for A'ar and the Colonies, and was one of the peace commissioners at the close of the war with the L'nited States (1814). His further political appointments were: Mem- ber of the Pri^•y Coiincil and Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1821); Chancellor of the Exchequer under the Duke of Wellington (1828) : Home Secretary (1835) ; and Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Cabinet of his intimate friend Sir Robert Peel (1841). He retired from the Government in 1847. but represented Cam- bridge University in Parliament until his death, and wa.s highly respected by all parties through- out his disinterested, honorable career. GOULD, goold, AUGU.STC.S Addison (1805-66). An American zoologist, born at New Ipswich, N. H., April 23, 1805. U" graduated at Harvard in 1825, and took his medical degree five years later. He was an instructor in botany and zoology- at Harvard for two years, and practiced medicine in Boston. He was one of the leading conehologists of his time, and was one of the most active naturalists in America. He pub- lished: a Si/-s'f'" of Natural Histort/ (1833); The Invertebrate Animals of Massachusetts (1841); Principles of Zoology, with L. Agassir. (1848). GOULD, Benjamin Aptiiorp (1787-1859). An American educator, born at Lancaster, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1814, and was prin- cipal of the Boston Latin School from that time imtil 1828, when the failure of his health com- pelled him to resign. He prepared for the school several text-books, including Adain's Latin Grammar (1825), and editions of Latin classics. GOULD, Benjamin Aptiiorp (1824-96). An American astronomer, bom in Boston, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1844, and at Goltingen (Ph.D.) in 1848; esUiblished the Aslrunotnical Journal in 1849, continued it until 1801, and resumed its publication in 1885. In 1852 he was appointed director of the hingitudc determina- tions of the Coast Survey, and in 1867, after having organized and greatly developed this ser- vice, retired. From 1855 to 1859 he was director of the Dudley 01isei-:itory, at .lbany, X. V.. and in 18()(i he eslablislied. by means of the Atlantic cable, the relations in longitude between .-meri- can and ICuropean stations. From 1865 he was nuich interested in the stvuly of the southern celestial livmisphere, and in 1870 established at Coriloba, Argentina, the National Observatory, where he accumulated the materi.al for his Ura- nomctria Argentina (1874) and Calalogo de Zonas Fstclares (1884), both classic in the literature of astronomy. In 1872, with the as- sistance of the Argentine Govennnent, he further established a system of meteorological stations extending southward to Tierra del Fuego and eastward to the Atlantic. He returned to the United States in 1885. He was a charter mem- ber of the National Academy of Sciences, was elected ])resident of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1808, and was the recipient of many foreign distinctions. His contributions to the scientilic knowledge of the soulliern celestial hemisphere must be regarded a.s having marked an epoch in the modern study of astronoui}'. GOULD, George Jay (1858—). An Ameri- can capitalist, born in New York City, the first son of Jay Gould. He was privately educated, and afterwards assumed control of large railway interests. In 1888 he became president of the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railway: in 1893 of the Saint Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern, the International and Great Northern., and the Missouri Pacific. He was also elected president of the Jlanhattan Elevated Railway of New York City in 1892. GOULD, Hannah Flagg (1789-1865). An American author, bom at Lancaster, Mass. She ^^•rote extensively for magazines and new'spapers, and some of her verses were at one time very poi)ular. They are simple and pleasing, with a decided mor,al tone. A volume of her poems ap- jjcarcd in 1832, a second in 1836, and a third in 1851. Among her other works are: Gathered Leaves, prose sketches (1846) ; The Diosma, com- posed partly of original and partly of selected poems (18.50); The Youth's Coronal (1850); The }f other's Dream (1853); and Ei/mns and Poems for Children (1854). GOULD, Helen INIiller ( 1868— ) . An Ameri- can phihinthropist, born in New York City, the eldest daughter of Jay Gould. At the com- mencement of the Spanish-American W'ar she presented $100,000 to the ITnited States Gov- ernment, and during the war. as a member of the Women's National War Relief Association, was prominently active. She gave $50,000 for necessary supplies for the care of soldiers in hospitals, and at Camp WyckofT, near Montauk Point. Long Island, did personal work in that connection. Her benefactions to New Y'ork Uni- versity have also been notable, and include the library building of the university, with its well- known "Hall of Fame." She has also given largely to Rutgers College, and at a cost of
