GREGOBY. 264 GREGORY OF ARMENIA. and confined as a prisoner in England until the close of hostilities. In 1815-lC he served against the Algerine pirates, and in 1S21-23, in com- mand of the €nim]jus, took part in the expedi- tions against pirates in the West Indies and the Gulf of Mexico. He became a captain in 1838, and commanded the liaritan of the blockade squadron during the Mexican War. From 1849 to 1852 he was in command of the African squad- ron. In July, 1861, he was made superintendent of the construction of the new iron war-vessels, and attained tlie rank of rear-admiral on the retired list in July, 1862. GREGOBY, James (1638-75). A Scotch mathematician and inventor, born at Aberdeen. At the age of twenty-three he invented the re- flecting telescope known by his name, which he described in a work entitled Optica Promola. He then went to Padua, where he spent about two years, devoting himself to studies in the mathematical sciences. In 1667 he produced his Vera Circuli et Hypcrholw Quadraiura, followed, in 1668, by two other works, Geometriccc Pars Vnivcrsalis, and Exercitationcs Gcometricw. On his return to London, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1669 he obtained the professorship of mathematics at Saint Andrews. In 1674 Gregory was called to Edinburgh to fill the chair of mathematics. GREGORY, ,Tames (1753-1821). A Scottish physician, born at Aberdeen. He studied at the University of Edinburgh and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he acquired a considerable knowl- edge of the classics; graduated from the medical department of the University of Edinburgh in 1774, and continued his studies at Continental universities imtil 1776. Upon his return he was made professor of medicine at Edinburgh, and in 1777 commenced to lecture at the Royal Infirmary. In 17!)0 he became professor of the practice of medicine, and continued lecturing upon that sub- ject until his death. He was universally ac- knowledged to be the foremost medical prac- titioner and lecturer in Scotland during his maturity; but he preferred to display his great mental powers in versatile controversy rather than in the advancement of the medical science. In 1809 he became involved in a long argument against a recommendation to allow more freedom to members of the Edinburgh medical faculty, was charged with divulging university proceed- ings, and was suspended from fellowship in the college. His principal writings are: De Morhis Cceli Mutatione Melendis (1774): Con- spectus Medicinw Theoretical (2 vols.. 1780-82^ : Theorif of the Moods of Verbs (1700) ; PhiJo- sophical and Literart/ Essai/s (1792) ; Memorial to the Managers of the Roiial Infirmary (17S0) ; II istorical Memoirs of the Medical War in Edin- hiirali in the Tears 1785-80-87; and Epigrams and Poems (1810). GREGORY, John (1724-73). A Scotch physi- cian, grandson of .James Gregory, the mathemati- cian. He was born at Aberdeen, was educated there, at Edinburgh, and at Leyden ; was pro- fessor of philosophy at Aberdeen from 1746 to 1749 ; became professor of the practice of physic at Edinburgh in 1766; and eninyed a bi^h repu- tation as a teacher and practicing phvsician. His complete works were published at Edinburgh in 1788.— His son. Dr. .Tames Greoory (17.53-1821). became distinguished as professor of the prac- tice of medicine at Edinburgh, and was a leading man in liis profession. He was the author of Literary and Philosophical Essays (1792). GREGOBY, John Milton (1822-98). An American educator, born at Sandhike, X. Y.. and educated at Union College. After a brief study of law he took up theology, and was or- dained as a pastor in the Baptist faith; but he soon abandoned his pastoral duties for educa- tional work in tbe West. He was appointed principal of a classical school in Detroit, Mich., and served as State Superintendent of Public Instruction from 1858 to 1863. In 1854 he as- sisted in the establishment of the Michigan Journal of Education, which he edited for several years. He was president of Kalamazoo College, Mich., from 1863 to 1867. and of the Illinois Industrial University from 1867 to 1880. In 1873 he served as United States Commissioner to the World's Fair at Vienna, and he was a member of the United States Civil Service Com- mission from 1882 to 1885. His publications in- clude: Handbook of Histori) (1866) ; Map of Time (1866); Ticw Political Economy (1882); Seven Laws of Teaching (1883) ; and Political Economy (1887). GBEGOBY, Olixthus Gilbert (1774-1841). An English mathematician, born at Yaxley, Hunt- ingdonshire. He was professor at the Roval Jlilitary Academy, Woolwich, from 1807 to 1838. His most important contributions to physical science were his experiments (1823) to deter- mine the velocity of sound. He was one of the projectors of London LTniversity; edited the Gen- tleman's Diary (1802-19). and the Ladies' Diary (1819-45) ; and published treatises on astronomy and mechanics. Letters on. the Evidences of the Christian Religion (1811), and memoirs of John Mason Good (1828), and of Robert Hall (1833). GREGORY, William (1803-58). A Scotch chemist, grandson of .John Gregory, the physi- cian. From 1844 luifil his death he was profes- sor of chemistry in Edinburgli University. He carried out a number of original investigations in chemistry; wrote Outlines of Chemistry (1845); and edited in English several of Lie- big's works. He also published Letters to a Candid I))(inircr on Animal Magnetism (1851). GREGOBY OF ARMENIA, called The II- LUMIXATOR (c. 257-332). Tlie apostle of Chris- tianity among the Armenians. Little is known of his early history, and the facts of his life are so mingled with fiction that it is difficult to separate them. He is said to have been born at Valarshabad. the capital of the Province of Ararat, Armenia, about 257, and educated at Copsarea in Cappadocia, where at the same time he was instructed in the Christian religion. He afterwards entered into the service of Tiridates III., King of Armenia, by whom he was sub- jected to severe persecution' on account of his refusal to worship idols. Some severe public calamity which succeeded being looked upon as :i proof of Divine wrath, and the King being him- self afflicted, both the ruler and his subjects put themselves under Gregory's instruction. The people were converted in great numbers, and churches immediately erected throughout the country; and Gregory, after receiving ordination at Cfesarea (302). returned as Metropolitan of Armenia, and baptized his converts. He is said to have retired from office in 331 to live in a
