GREGORY THAUMATURGUS. 267 GREIZ. those wliifh accompanied licathcu festivals — a proceeding by which he intended to draw over the pagan multitude to Christianity, but which has been severely blamed. In M5. with his brother Athenoilorus, he was at the Council of Antioeh, which had been convoked for the purpose of condemning the heresies of Paul, Liishop of Samosata. ^^■hcther CIregory also took jiart in the second council (270). necessitated by Paul's refusal to abdicate, is very uncertain. He died at Neoe;esarea, 270. The genuine works of Greg- orj' are a panegyric on Origen. delivered in public before his return to his native place; a creeil said to have been revealed by the 'S'irgin Mary; a paraphrase of Ecclesiastes, often and wrongly attributed to Gregory of Nazianzus ; and a 'Canonical Epistle,' setting forth the punishments and penances to be undergone by such Christians as had bought booty from pagan soldiers. The first collected edition of his works was published by Vossius (ilayence. 1604) ; a more completx; edition appeared in Paris (1(522). Thej- are in Migne, Pat rologia Grtrca, x.; English translation in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vi. (Bufl'alo, 1880- 96). Much of our knowledge of Ciregory comes from Gregory of Nyssa's life of him ( in Migne, Patrologia ilraca. s..) . For his life, consult Kyssel (Leipzig, 1880). GREGR, gre'gr'. Eduard (1828—). A Czech politician, bom at Bi'ezhrad. He studied medi- cine, became a lecturer at Prague, and from 1861 •was known for his active participation in Aus- trian political affairs. He assisted in founding the Young Czech Party, and was acknowledged its foremost spokesman. In 1861 he was elected to the Bohemian Diet, and in 188.3 a Deputy to the Imperial Reichsrat. His programme sought the establishment of an independent Czech State, and hence brought him into severe opposition alike to the Old Czech faction, which he de- nounced for its conservatism, and the Germaniz- ing element. See BonEMi., section on History. GREGR, .JuLivs (1828-96). A Czech politi- cian, brother of Eduard Gregr, born at Bi'ezhrad. He was educated at Prague, and became distin- guished as a publicist and legislator. For nearly thirty-live years he was a member of the Bohe- mian Diet. During his long career in these as- semblies he was a prominent representative of the Young Czech Party, which he assisted in founding, and vigorously opposed the CJerman influence in Bohemia. Owing to his equally strong opposition to the, tactics of the feudalist Old Czeeh Party, he resigned his seat in the Aus- trian Reichsrat in 1880. The Czech organ. A'o- rodni Listii. was founded by him. in association with Rieger and Palacky, in 1861. GREGUSS, gre'giiosh, ArorsT (1825-82). An Hungarian critic, born at Eperies. He was a student at the University of Halle, became pro- fessor at Szarvas, and finally professor of <'ps- thetics at the University of Budapest (1870). He is particularly known as an analyst and critic of Magyar poetrj-. and his works are written in that language. Some of them were translated int« German by Gustav Heiririch (187.5). GREIF, grlf, Martin (adopted name of Fried- Ricn Hermann Fret) (LS.-i!)— ). A Gennan poet and dramatist. He was born at Speier, and was educated at Munich. His power of ex- pression, as well as the nobility of thought and Vol. IX.— 18. depth of sentiment expressed in his Ij'rics. entitles these to be ranked among the best modern pro- ductions of the kind in German. With the excep- tion of the drama Htnis Huchs (latest ed. 1894), his minierous productions appear under the name of Martin Greif. .mong these are his collected ])oem.-i. (Icdlchte (.5th ed. 1889). and the dramas Vorfi:: Ulfeldt, der lleirlishofiiicislcr ron Diiiw- iiiark (2d ed. 187G) ; Priii: Eiujcii (1880) ; Kon- radiii, der lpt::te [lohen.itiiufr (18811); hiidniq der linijer (1891) ; and General York (1899), GREIFSWALD, grifs'wiilt. The capital of a circle of the same mime in the Prussian Province of Pomerania, situated on the river Ryck, 18 miles by rail southeast of Stralsund, near the Baltic Sea (Map: Prussia, El). It is well built. equi])ped with modern improvements, and is surrounded by promenades laid out on the site of ancient fortifications. There are three mediae- val Lutheran churches, of which the Gothic Saint Xicholas is the most conspicuous, owing to its high tower. The town hall is also an interesting old building, and there are a luimber of curious private houses — gabled brick structures dating from the fourteenth and fifteentli centuries. The l^niversity of Greifswald was founded in 14i36. It has three faculties, with an attendance of over 800 students, and a library of 140,000 volumes, together with a number of interesting manu- scripts. At the university is exposed every ten years the valuable Croy t;ipestiy, belonging to the sixteenth century, and lepresenting Luther preaching. There are a municipal g^'mnasiiuu and a geographical and scientific museum. The chief manufacturing establishments are the roy;il railway shops, machine-works, chicory-factories, and ship-building yards. Sugar of lead, dried fish, and fruit presen'es are exported. The trade is principallv, however, in grain and wood. Popu- lation, in "1890. 21.624; in 1900, 22,950. Greifswald received its municipal rights in the thirteenth century, and became in the same century a member of the Hanseatic League. It suffered greatly from frequent sieges, but regained its prosperity under the dominion of Sweden, into whose hands it fell in 1631. It became Prus- sian in 1815, GREIN, grin. Michael ( 1825-77) . A German philologist. He was bom at Willingshausen, Hesse, was educated at Marburg and Jena, and in 1865 became archivist to the Elector of Hesse at Cassel, He was professor at Mar- burg from 1873 until his death. Besides several valuable translations of Anglo-Saxon poems, he published the work entitled Bibliothek der anpcl-^ siichsischen Poesie iit kritiseh bearbeiteten Texten, mit frlossnr (1857-64), a work of basic impor- tance on Anglo-Sa.xon literature, and the first which ma.v be regarded a.s a compilation of the various editions of the poems discussed. Unfor- tunatel.v. Grein did not live to complete his other work, devoted to Anglo-Saxon prose, en- titled Bibliothek der anr/elstiehsischen Prosa (1872). GREIZ, grits. The capital of the German Prin- cipalitv of Reuss (Elder Branch), situated on both banks of the White Elster, 49 miles south of Leipzig (Map: Germany, E .'?). The pictur- esque old town is on the right bank, the new town on the left. There are an old castle situated on a lonely rock, the residence of the Prince of Reuss, and a fine Gothic Rathaus, built in 1841.
