QROSSETESTE. 302 GROSVENOR GALLERY. and, after returning to Kugland, gained great re'putation as a divine. He was the first rec- tor of the Franciscan school at Oxford (1224). Ill 1235 he was elected Bishop of Lincoln, and set himself in most vigorous fashion to re- form all abuses in his diocese. He was a man of great energy and strong character, bi't high-tempered and undiplomatic, and became involved in numerous controversies. One of the most famous was with no less a personage than Pope Innocent IV. himself. It was not unusual at the time for the Pope to appoint foreigners to vacant benefices in England, many of wliom drew their revenues, but never came to the coun- tiy. Grossetestc set himself against this abuse, and in 1253 with great firmness refused to in- duct the Pope's nephew, an Italian youth, into tlie first canonrv that should be vacant in the Cathedral of Lincoln. He died October 9, 1253. Qrosseteste was a friend of Simon de ilontfort ((|.v.), and a constitutionalist in politics. His learning was prodigious. Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Frcncli. mathematics, medicine, and music were among his attainments, and his knowledge of Scripture is particularly lauded. His influence on Knglish life and thought lasted long beyond his time. He was a most voluminous writer. For his life, consult: Pegge (London, 1703), which contains a list of his works filling twenty- eight closely printed quarto pages ; Brewer, Moiiiimentit FrcDiciscana (ib., 1S5S) ; Luard (editor), Roherti Grossefeste Episcopi quondam Lliirolnicnsis Epistolw. "Rolls Series" (1862); Perrv (London, 1871); Stevenson (London, isno') . GEOSSETO, gros-sa'to. A to^ii of Italy, in Tuscany, cajiital of the province of the same name, 90 miles south of Pisa. The cathedral, b('<nra in 1294, was restored in 1855. In the Municipio is a collection of Etruscan antiquities (ifap: Italy, F 5). A few miles to the north- east are the ruins of Rusellie, deserted since the middle of the twelfth century, which was one of the twelve cities of the Etruscan Confedera- tion. Grosseto markets cattle, horses, and grain. Population of comnnme, in 1901, 9599. GROSSGLOCKNER, gros'gldk'ngr. See Glockxer. GROSSGLOGAXJ, -glo'gou. See Glogau. GROSSI, grr/.s9, ToMMASO (1791-1853). An Italian poet and novelist, born at Bellano. He studied law at Pavia, but. owing to his political ideas, was never able to rise in his profession. Manzoni mentions his poem "I Lombardi alia prima crociata" (182fi) in his novel I promrssi sposi. It attracted much attention because of its patriotic sentiment. Influenced by Manzoni's novel. Grossi wrote Marco Tixconti (1834), which has often been translated. It was the beginning of the historical novel in Italy, and has always remained popidar. His other works include Ildepondd (1814) and Zilrico e Lirja (1834). ConsTiIt Cantfl, Vita ed opere di Tommaso Grossi (Milan, 18.541.' GROSS KIKINDA, gros Idk'in-da. See Nagt- KTKixnA. GROSSMITH, gros'smlth. Geoege (1847—). An English actor, son of a journalist of the same name. In 18(ifi he became a reporter for the London Timrs. but soon turned to the stage, and about 1870 began his career as an enter- tainer with comic songs and the like. In 1877 he appeared in T)ic Horcerer at the 0])era Co- niique, and he became very popular in other Gilbert and Sullivan operas, perhaps his best- known part being that of the Admiral in I'ina- fure, but in 18L!9 he returned for a time to the business of individual recitals and entertain- ments. Among his writings are: The Reiiiinis- nances of a ^ocieti/ Cloicn (London, 1888) ; The Diary of a Xobodtj, written with Weedon Gros- smith (London, 1894), and numerous songs. His brother, Weeiio.x Grcssmitii, the artist, is also a well-known actor, and hi; son George has gained some note as an actor and play- wright. GROSSWARDEIN, gros'vlir-din, or NAGY- VARAD, nod'y'-vii'rod. Capital of the county of Bihar, Hungary, situated in a beautiful plain on the Sebes KiJros ('the rapid Koriis'), 38 miles south-southeast of Dcbreczin, at the in- tersection of several railroad lines (Map: Hun- gary, G 3 ) . It consists of the town proper and several suburbs, and is one of the most beautiful of Hungarian towns. It was formerly strongly fortified, and its ancient fortress, built on a neck of land between the Kiiros and Pecze, is still utilized as barracks. Grosswardein is the seat of a Roman Catholic and of a Greek Orthodo.x bishop, and has a number of notable ecclesiastical buildings, such as the large Roman Catholic cathedral, the Greek Catholic and Greek Ortho- dox cathedrals, the Church of Saint Ladislas, containing relics of the saint, and the palace of the Catholic bishop. Its educational institutions are very numeious, among them being a cele- brated school of law. It has flourishing manufac- tures of potteiy, earthenware, oil, spirits, and' starch, and the district produces an excellent quality of wine. The popular sulphur springs of Ha jo are situated six miles to the south. Population, in 1890. 38.557; in 1900, 47.3fi5. Grosswardein is said to have been founded by Saint Ladislas in 1095. and was destroyed by the Tatars in the thirteenth centurv. It was held by the Turks from 1663 to 1092. GROSVENOR, gro've-ner, Edwtn Ai'crSTUS (1845 — ). An -Vmerican historian, born in Xew- l.uryport, iIass. He graduated at Amherst in 1867. and at the Andover Theological Seminary in 1872, after which he took a year of post- graduate york in Paris. He was professor of history in Robert College. Constantinople, from 1873 to 1890. and professor of European his- tory at Amherst from 1892 to 1899, when he was appointed to the chair of modern govern- ments and their administration at Amherst. His writings include: Constaiiliiiople (2 vols., 1805) ; The Permanence of the Greek Type (1897) : The Hippodrome of Constantinople and Its fttill Existina Monuments (1889); and Contemporary History of the World (1898-99). In addition he has translated from the French I)iruv's History of Modern Times. General His- tory of the World (1808). and Ancient History of the East (1898-99) ; and from the modern Greek. Andronil.-e (1897). GROSVENOR GALLERY. A gallery for the exliibition of paintins's and sculptures in Bond Street. London. The buildinu was com- pleted in 1877, at a total cost of €120.000. The facade is of stone in the Italian Renaissance manner, and the principal gallery is 104 feet long
