GUARAUNO. 331 GUARDIA. Venezuela. They are dark in color and well shaped in body. They are also industrious farm- ers and skillful laborers, building their houses upon piles to guard against llie overllowing of the river. It is said, however, that they prefer the uplands, having been driven to the swamps by the inroads of the Caribs. They are estimated to be from 6000 to 15.000 in number, and appear to constitute a distinct linguistic stock. GUARD (OF., Fr. garde, from OF., Fr. gar- der, to guard, from OH(i. icartCn, Ger. uarten, AS. iceurdian, Eng. icard ; connected ultimately with Gk. 6pav, horan, to look). A soldier de- tailed for and assigned as a sentinel or sentry. The term, used collectively, applies to a body of troop.s, under the command of an officer or non- commissioned ollicer, assigned for the protection of a militarj' post, camp, or other locality under military jurisdiction. Guards may be divided into two general classes, the first embracing (1) outposts (q.v. ) ; (2) interior guards, including stable guards; (3) detachments to protect labor- ers on military works; (4) armed working par- ties on such works — the second covering all other duties, in or out of garrison or camp. The propor- tion of men required for the guard in each regi- ment or corps is distributed among the companies by the regimental sergeant-major, and is called tile detail, the strength of each detail being regu- lated according to the available number in each company as shomi on the roster, which, under the supervision of the adjutant, the sergeant-major is required to keep. The company details are similarly assigned from the rosters kept by the company first sergeants. Officers are assigned according to rank and availability. When the headquarters of more than one regiment are con- cerned, or in the case of a small brigade in the field, where but one guard is necessary, details are made from the headquarters of the command. The detail relative to guard duty includes: Offi- cer of the day, officer of the guard, sergeants of the guard, corporals of the guard, musicians of the guard, and privates of the guard. Where there is more than one guard, a field officer of the day is also detailed. GuAKD-lIouNTiNG is the ceremony of inspec- tion and review preliminary to the actual re- lieving of the old guard. The details fall in on their company streets or before their bar- racks, are examined by their first sergeants, and marched to the regimental parade ground, where the sergeant-major places them in the desired alignment, receives the first sergeant's reports, and in turn presents the detail and reports to the adjutant. The latter officer then directs the officers of the guard to take posts, the guard is formed and turned over to the officer command- ing the giuird for inspection, the adjutant exer- cising general supervision. During the inspec- tion the band plays; on the conclusion of such inspection officers take post, the guard stands at the 'parade rest,' the adjutant orders 'sound oflf,' upon which the band playing passes in front of the officer of the guard, to the left of the line, and back to its post on the right, and ceases playing. The adjutant then reports to the offi- cer of the day, before whom the guard is marched in review. After passing the reviewing officer the adjutant and sergeant-major return swords and fall out, the commander of the guard forms it into column of fours, the band retires, Vol. IX.— 22. the guard field music taking its place. As the new guard approaches the guard-house the old guard is formed into line, and receives its relief with arms at the 'present.' The officers of the day face each other, salute, and exchange duties. The new guard, drawn up opposite the old guard, proceeds to relieve the old sentinels, receiving over the duties and responsibilities of the posi- tion. The old guard, having been completed, then marches past the new on its way to the regi- mental parade ground, where, after inspection, the company details are marched to their own quarters by the different company non-conmiis- sioned officers, and their tour of duty is complet- ed. Except in special circumstances, the old guard is not available for other duties or parades within at least four hours of their dismounting guard. GUARD, Xational. See Militia. GUARDAFUI, gvar'da-fwe', Cape (Lat. Aro- matiiin proiiiontoriutii) . Xext to Has Hafun, most eastern point of the African continent, sit- uated in latitude 11° 50' N., and longitude 51° 16' E. (Map: Africa, K 3). It forms the ex- tremity of an innnense promontory stretching seaward in a northeast direction, and washed on the northwest by the Gulf of Aden, and on the southeast bj- the Indian Ocean. GUARD-BOAT. A picket or patrol boat. Also a boat sent by the guard-ship of a fleet or squadron to carry the orders, mail, etc., between the flagship (or ship of the senior officer) and the other vessels. GUARDFISH. See Needlefish. GUARDI, gwar'de, Francesco (1712-93). An Italian landscape painter, born in Venice. He was a pupil of Canaletto, and like him painted Venetian scenes. Their works are sometimes con- fused, bvit Guardi's paintings are less finished than those of his master; his whole style is sketchier, more sparkling, and more picturesque, though architecturally less exact. He introduced processions of figures in brilliant colors, and peopled his pictures with animated groups in gay costume, all treated with unfailing spirit, and with every advantage of beautiful and har- monious color. His works are very numerous. The best of them are in Venice, but they are to be found in nearly all European galleries. "The Rialto, Santa JIaria della Salute. Venice," is in the Metropolitan ^Museum, Xew York City. GUARDIA, gvarde'a, Tomas (1832-82). A Central American politician. President of Costa Plica, born in Bagflces. Guanacaste. He adopted a military career, and participated in the defeat of the Walker filibustering expedition in 1855. He was made colonel, and was Governor of Alajuela from 1866 to 1869, when he led a revolt against Jiminez, which resulted in his overthrow in 1870, and the establishment of Carranza as Pro- visional President, and Guardia as commander-in- chief of the army. Six months afterwards he succeeded Carranza as Provisional President, and toward the end of the year Was elected Presi- dent. From thiit time until his death he was virtually dictator of Costa Rica, and ruled with a strong hand. The interior of the Republic was much improved under his administration, al- though he saddled the country with an enormous debt by attempting to construct an interoceanic railway. He was reelected in 1874 and 1878, and
