HACKER. 429 HACKNEY. himself in several battles. He commanded the soldiers who guarded Charles 1. during liis trial, had iliarge of the execution, and signed tlie execu- ti<iiior's order. During the Scotch War he eoni- nianded a regiment under Cromwell, and later represented Leicestershire in the Parliament of Richard Cromw-ell. After the Kestoration iie was sent to the Tower, and was hanged on October 1<}. IGCid. HACKEET, ha'kert, PlllLiPP (17371807). A German painter, born at Prenzlau. Brandenburg. He studied under his father, and at the Berlin Academy. VViiile in Rome he painted his best works, "The Naval Battle at Tchesnie and the Burning of the Turkish Fleet," a series of six I>ictures executed by order of Catharine II. of Russia. Ferdinand IV. of Naples made him Court painter (17S(1). After the Revolution of 1799 he bought a villa near Florence, where he lived until his death. He was one of the ablest of the eighteenth-century landscape artists, but has been overpraised. Among his works are: "A View of Saint Peter's." "Ideal Landscapes" (2), a number of views about Rome, and some ma- rines. His four brotliers were also painters — - Karl Ludwig ( 'MSOO) ; Johann Gottlieb (1744- 73): Wilhei'm (1748-80); and Georg Abraham (1755-isn:5). HACK'ET, .John (1592-1G70). An English ecclesiastic. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and was ordained in 1018. He re- mained loyal to the King during the Civil War, but was permitted to stay in Kngland until the Restoration in lOfiO placed the Stuarts again on the throne. The next year he became Bisliop of Coventry and Lichfield. Among his publica- tions are:' Loi/ola (1648), a Latin comedy of small merit; and a Life of Archbishop ^VilIi(lms (1693). Consult Plume, Life of Hackct. re- printed with additions by Mackenzie Walcot, B.D. (London, 1865). HACK'ETT, Horatio Balch (1808-7.5). An American biblical scholar, liorn in Salisbmy, Jlass. He graduated at Amherst in 1830, and studied theologv' at Andover. and in Germany. He was professor of Latin and CJreck at Brown L'niversity. and in 1839 was chosen to the chair of biblical literature in the Newton Theological Seminary, where he remained for thirty years. In 1870 he was made professor of New Testa- ment Greek in the Rochester Tlieological Semi- nary. He was one of the most distinguished bildi- cal scholars in the Baptist Church, and a notable exegetist. His works include: An edition with notes of Plutarch's De iSVr« Kiiniiiii.i Yindicta (1844) : Illuslrations of Scripture Hufificsted by a Tour Throutih llie Hoiii Laiirl (1855) ; a trans- lation of Fiiilcnwii (1860) : Cliri.ilinn Memorials of Ihe War (1864); an edition of Rairlinson's Historical Illustrations of the Old Testament (187.3) ; and other translations for the Ameri- can edition of Lange's Commentary. With Kzra Abbott he edited the American edition of Smith's lUble Dictionary (1868-70). Consult Whitlc- more. Memorials of Horatio Balch Ilackeft (1878). HACKETT, .Tames Henry (1800-71). A noted American comedian. He was born and brought u)) in New York City. After his early marriage to an actress. Miss I^e-Sugg. and a failure in business, he went upon the stage, first in 1826, and rapidly earned a prominent position, especially in eewntric characters. Among Iu3 * imper.sonations best known were Justice Wood- cock, Sylvester Daggerwood, Mons. Morbleu, Dromio, Rip Van Winkle, Nimrod Wildlire, Sir Pcrtinax McSycoijliant, and above all, Falstall', iu which in this country he had no ])ecr. He played with success in Kngland, and in all parts of the Liuited States, besides managing, at diller- cnt times, several theatres. Before his death he had made a fortune. He was the auliior of Notes and Comments on Shakespeare (1863). Consult Ireland, Actors and Actresses of (Ireul Britain and the' United States, edited by Matthews and Hutton, vol. iii. ( New York, 1886). HACKETT, James Iveteltas (1869—). An American actor, son of James Henry Hackett. He was born at W'olfe Island, Ont., and was edu- cated at the College of the City of New York, where he graduated in 1891. He made his ap- pearance on the stage in A. 51. Palmer's company in 1892, and after several engagements became, early in 1896, leading man at the Lyceum. Plays in which he became best known arc: The Prisoner of Zcnda (1896); Rupert of Ilent:au (1898); The Pride of Jennico (1900) : Don Ccesar's Re- turn (1901) ; and The Crisis (1902). In 1897 he married the actress Mary Mannering. Consult Strang, Famous Actors of the Day in America (Boston, 1900). HACKLANDER, hak'len-der, Friedrkh Wil- iiELM VON (1816-77). A Germ.au novelist and dramatist, born at Burtscheid. He won a wide reputation by his Bilder aus dem Sol- datenlehen (1841) and Das Holdatenleben im Frieden (1844). The keen observation and lively humor of the first of these books broiigiit him an invitation to accompany Baron von Tau- benheim to the Orient, as a result of which he wrote Datjuerreotypen (1842), later known as Reise in dem Orient (1846) ; and Pilyer^uy nach Mekka (1847), a collection of Oriental legends and tales. In 1849 he went through the cam- paign in Piedmont, and his experiences resulted in the Bilder aus dem Soldatenleben im Krie(i ( 1849-50) . In 1855 he founded the po])ular week- ly, Ucbcr Land und Meer, at Stuttgart, the home of his later years. Of his other works, the more noteworthy are: Dcr yeheime Ayent (1850), a very popular and often translated comedy : Waehtstuhcnabenteuer (1845), scenes of military life: Handel vnd Wandel, a humorous novel (1850); and yan'.enlos<' Geschichten (1851). Hackliinder left an autobiography. Dcr Roman meines Lebens (Stuttgart. 1878) . Consult ^lorn- ing. ErinnerunQcn an Hackliinder (Stuttiiart, 1878). ' - HACKLE, HECKLE, or HATCHELL ' from Dutch hekcl, heckle, from Dutch haak. luiiik). An instrument for cleaning, sorting, and straighten- ing the fibres of raw flax, and hemp, preparatory to s])inning. See Flax. HACK'MATACK. See Larch. HACK'NEY. A metropolitan borough of Lon- don (i|.v.) in Middlesex, three miles northeast of Saint Paul's (Jlap: London, D 8). It was for- merlv a favorite sutuirban vilUige residence nf Tjondon citizens, and in its fashionable days is said to have given its name to hncknev coaches. Population, in 1891, 247,594; iu 1901, 270,.535.
