HARBAK. 583 HARBINGTON. HARRAK, HARAR, harUr', or HURRUR. Tile must oasti'iii pruvince of Ahyssiiiia. buunjud on the north and east by French ISonialiland and British .Somalihmd, and on the southeast and south by Italian tSonialiland and British East Africa. It is a plateau, reaehinij; an altitude of about 11,000 feet. Nearly all the foreign com- merce of Abyssinia pa.sses through this province. (8ee Aby.ssinia.) Capital, llarrar (q.v.). Har- lar belonged to the Egyptian .Sudan before the uprising of the jMahdi. Having been taken by Italy in ISDl, it became an Abyssinian pruvince in IS'JIJ, after the Italian defeat at Adowa. HARRAR. The capital of the Province of Harrar in p^astern Abyssinia, south of the port Oibutil, and about ISO miles from the coast (Map: Africa, J 4), It is the second city of the country in importance, is .surrounded by walls, and has a palace and several mosques and barracks. It is situated in a fertile district which produces principally coft'ee. Tlie com- merce is growing, and includes cofl'ee, cotton, gum, ivory, and fruit. Harrar i.s connected by telegraph with Addis Abeba. A railroad from Jibutil to Harrar is nearly completed. Popu- lation, in 1000, 40,000, nearly all Harraris and Abyssinians. See H.ebae ( province ) , and Abys- sinia. HARRARIS, har-rii'rez. The people of Har- rar, in Abyssinia. They are said to have been Himyaritic yemites in race and were formerly Christians, speaking a dialect of Geez. Now the population is greatly mi.ed with Gallas and Somali, both of Hamitie stock. They are nearly all monogamists, allowing the women to go un- veiled and relieving them of much hard work. HARRIER. See Hound, HARRIER (from harry, AS, hergian, to rav- age, from AS, here, Goth, harjis. OHG. lieri, hari, Ger. Heer, army; connected with OChurch kara, Lith. karax, war, OPruss. karjis. anny, OPers. kara. arm}-, people). The English name for the low-llying, meadow-haunting hawks of the sub- family Cireince, called 'marsh-hawks' in the United States. See Maesh-hawk. HARRIER EAGLE. See Eagle. HARRIES, ha're-ta, Heinricii. The author of the Prussian nationiil hymn, "Heil dir im Sie- gerkranz" ( q.v. ) . HAR'RIGAN, Eoward ( 1845— ) . An Ameri- can actor and playwright, noted for his represen- tations of types of low life. He was born in New York City, and as a young man had a some- what desultory career, working as a calker in various cities, till finally, in San Francisco, about 1868 he made his appearance upon the stage. Soon afterwards in Chicago with Anthony Can- non (Tony Hart) he won his first theatrical suc- cess, and in New York a little later his truthful and amusiirg sketches of local character were promptly appreciated. These sketches gradually developed into plays, interspersed with songs which were set to music by I)avid Braham, and have been whistled and sunsr all over the country. Among the best known of Mr. Harrigan's pieces have been the MuUiijnii series, Uc.'s'or/ri/'.s Infla- tion, Old LareurJer. Pete. The Major, t^qtintter f^orcreu/nti/. Reilli/ anri the Four Hiinilrerl. .1/i/ Son Dan. and Mnrtti Malnne. The partnershin of Harrigan & ?lart lasted till 1S84; after which ^Ir. Harrigan conducted theatres in New York, and made tours in different parts of the country. One of his favorite roles revived in recent years is that of George Coggswell in Old Lavender. Consult McKay and W ingate. Famous American Actors of To-day (New York, IS'J(i). HAR'RILD, RoBEKT (1780-1853), An Eng- lish invenlur, burn in l.,un<lun. .Alter learning the trade of a printer, he began the manufacture of printers' materials in 1801), a venture which sub- sequently was developed into a large and profit- able business. He was noted as an inventor and manufacturer of composition rollers for inking typo, a process without which the use of cylin- drical or machine presses would have been prac- tically impossible. Whether he was the first or exclusive inventor of that process is doubtful ; but he seems to have been the first extensive manufacturer of the rollers, which were sub- stituted for the leather balls by which t,ype had been inked for nearly three centuries. The stu- pidity and obstinacy of workmen temporarily prevented the use of the invention, which, how- ever, soon became almost universal. Harrild established factories in London, and was widely respected as an enterprising and benevolent citi- zen. He bought the printing-press with which Benjamin Franklin worked in London. In 1841 the press was brought to the United States, and it is now in the Patent OHice at Washington. HAR'RIMAN". A city in Roane County, Tenn., 50 miles west of Kno.xville; on the Emory River, and on the Queen and Crescent Route, the Southern, the Tennessee Central, and other rail- roads (Jlap: Tennessee,' G 5). It is the centre of a section rich in coal, iron, timber, and agri- cultural lands, and has farm-implement works, a cotton-mill, iron-works, a foundr}' and machine shops, a tanneiy, a flouring-mill, planing-mills, a metal-bedstead factory, and other industrial establishments. The city, which is a temperance town, is the seat of the American University, founded in 1893, and of an industrial school for negroes. Harriman was founded in 1890, and was granted a special city charter in 1891. The gov- ernment, as ])rovided bj' the revised charter of 1899, is vested in a nuiyor, chosen biennially, and a city council, elected on a general ticket. Harri- man ownis and operates its water-works and elec- tric-light plant. Population, in 1890, 710; in 1900, '344-2. HAR'RINGTON, .James (lGll-77). An Eng- lish political writer, born at Upton, Northamp- tonshire. He entered Trinity College, Oxford (1629), but left without a degree, and traveled on the Continent. Although a Republican, he was attached to King Charles I., whom, it is said, he accompanied to the scaflFold. Resuming his ear- lier studies, he published in 1656 his famous political romance. The Com)nonirealth of Oceana (i.e. England). Harrington's main principle is that power rests upon property, esjiecially landed property. He further argues that rulers should be elected by ballot for terms of three years. The work led to a lively controversy, in which Har- rington took an active part. After the Restoration he was committed to the Tower on the chnrsre of conspiracy. Weakened in mind bv his imprison- ment, he died insane. September 11 1677. Con- sTiU Oceana, in Morley's T'niversal l.il>rary (Lon- don. 1887). and Dwight. in the Political Science Quarterly for 1887,
