HARVEY. 613 HARZ MOUNTAINS. lation of the blood met with great opposition, I'oumlfd pcrh.Tps upon jealousy, and the ridicule ami uiiwarraiiU'd allai'ks rcsullod in a yreat diiiiinution of liis praclic-e. in time, liowever, he had the s.itisfaetion of seeing his doctrine ac- cejited entire; but the labor and devotion of twenty-live years were requisite for the attain- ment "of the tinal result. Si.x diagrams giving views of the circulatory system of the human body, life-size, with which Harvey illusi rated his lectures, are still preserved in the nuisciim of tlie Royal tlollege of Phy.sicians. Previous to Harvey's time, it was believed that the blood was constantly in motion, but the arteries were be- lieved to contain air only, because they were found to be empty after death. Otiiers were close to the discover}' of the course of the blood, but it was reserved for Harvey to comprehend and elucidate the whole matter. Although he comnumicated his discovery to his pupils as early as 1019, it was not till 1028 that his work ll^niitiitio dc motii Cordis ct iSaiif/iiinis in Aiii- mtililiiis was published .at Frankfort, as a small quarto of 72 pages, called by Haller Opusciiliim aiirciim. The best edition of it was published at Leyden (17.39). Among other works are his Exercitationes de GeneYatione Animalium, quibus uccedmit quwdwm de Parlv, de Membranis ac Tumorihus Uteri, et de Conceptione (cir, 1051; also Leyden, 1737) ; and Ejcereitationes Duw Anatoiricw dc Circulatione ffmujiiinix (Oxford [?] cir. 1045). A complete edition of Harvey's works in Latin was published in 1700 by the College of Physicians of London, including his Treatise on the Circulation, with the prefaces of the first edition of 1028; his Fjxercitations addressed to Eiolan; his work on the Generation of Animals: the .IccoMii^ of the Dissection of Thomas Parr; and Xine Epistles of Harvey addressed to various persons; together with a copy of the diploma of doctor of medicine conferred uiion Harvey by the ITniversity of Padua. Prefixed to this collec- tion of his works is a Life of Harvey, by Law- rence. Consult Willis Life of Harvey (London, 18S1). See Physiology. HARVEY, VViLi.i.iM Henry (1811-00). An Irish botanist, born at Summervillc. near Lim- erick. He received the bent toward his specialty from the schoolmaster with whom he studied in Kildare. A field naturalist, he began his re- searches in his native land, but they extended to South Africa (18.35-42), and for 'the last ten years of his life he was professor of botany in Dublin University. Travels in America, India, -Australia, and the South Seas had augmented his botanical knowledge, and he was an author- ity especially in alg.T, though he disputed the Darwinian hypothesis. He published: a ^fanilal of liritish Al(jw (1841); Phj/ooloffia Britannica, a History of British Seaweeds (1840-51) ; Nereis Boreali-Americana (1852-58): Phycologia 4ms- tralica (1858-0.3) : and other works. HAR'VEYIZED STEEL, Harvey Process. See .R5t0R Plate. HARWICH, har'ij. An ancient seaport, mar- ket-town, and municipal borough in Essex, Eng- land, at the mouth of the Stour, on the North Sea. 70 miles northeast of London (Map: Eng- land, H 5). Its important industries are fish- eries, ship-building, and cement and manure manufacturing. Its coasting and foreign trade with Germany, Denmark, .md Hollancl is con- siderable. 11 exports cement, fish, manure, ironware, machinery, leather, etc., and im- ports grain, silk, woolen and cotton goods, tim- ber, and tobacco. The harbor is commodious, safe, and strongly fortified. An average of 3500 vessels enter and clear a gross ton- nage of 1,800,000 annually. The total annual value of its imports and exports during the five years ending in 1900 was £22,000,000 (.$110,000,- 000). Tlie town is pleasantly situated on an ele- vated promontory, and is a favorite sea-bathing resort. It lias tramw.ays, and is supplied with water, gas, and electric lighting. Harwich was a Roman station, and a great Danish military depot. In 885 it was the scene of a great naval eonfiict between the Danes and King Alfred's fieet, and in 1000 of another between the Dutch and English. It was made a Parliamentary and municipal iiorough by Edward 11. in 1318. Pop- ulation, in 1891, 8200; in 1901, 10,019. HAR'WOOD, A.NDREW Allen (1802-84). An .merican naval olhcer, born at Settle, Pa. He entered the United States Navy, and in 1828 was appointed to the receiving-ship Pliiladelphia. In 1835-37 he served in the Mediterranean Squadron, in 1848 was pronuited to be commander, and in 1855 to 'ne captain. In 1802 he was appointed chief of the IJureau of Ordnance and Hydrog- raphy, and in 1803 commandant of the Wash- ington Navy Yard, with rank of commodore. In 1809 he w-as retired with rank of rear-admiral. He published Lou' and Practice of United Slates Navy Courts-Martial (1807), .and edited Sum- mary Courts-Martial. HARZER, har'tser, Paul Hermann (1857 — ) . A Cernum astronomer, born at Grossenhain (Saxony). After study in Leipzig, Berlin, and Home, he was assistant at the Leipzig Observa- tory from 1878 to 1881; was appointed observer there in 1882, and in the same year became a lec- turer in the university. From 1887 to 1897 he was director of the Archdueal Observatory at Gotha, and in the latter year was appointed di- rector of the Kiel Observatory. In theoretical astronomy he made numerous investigations of importance, results of which appeared at various times in scientific journals, particularly in the Astronomisclie Xitelirichten, his contributions to which include: "Eine neue Methode die ncgativen und ungeraden Potenzen der Entfernungen der Himmelskcirper zu entwickeln" (vol. cii., 1882) and "Cntersuchung fiber die astronomische Strahlenbrechung auf Grund der Diflferential- gleichungen der elastisehen Liehtbewegimgen in der Atmosphare" (vols, civ., evii,, 1882, 1883). HARZ (harts) MOUNTAINS. An isolated mountain range in Northern Germany, extenil- ing between the rivers Saale and Leine, through Prussia, Brunswick, and .- halt (ilap: Ger- many, D 3 ) . Its length from Jlansfeld on the southeast to Seesen on the northwest is about 00 miles, and its total area aliout 900 sqiare miles. The range, formed by a flatly arched uplift, rises sharply from the surrounding plain, and is dissected by numerous stream valleys. The ITpper Harz, comprising the northwestern section, has an elevation of from 1000 to 3000 feet, and culminates in the Erocken, 3747 feet. In the southeastern or Lower Harz region, the eleva- tions rarely exceed 1000 feet. The motmtain slopes are heavily wooded with pine, oak, and
