HAZEN. 671 HAZLITT. infantry; but he raised the Forty-first Regiment of Uliio 'ohinteers anil went to the front as its colonel. He defended the Ohio border, fought iu Kentucky, couinianded a brigade in tlie move- ment by way of Nashville tu IMtlsburj,' Landing, won distinction at Shiloh, Corinth, and the battle of Stone River, and at ilissionary KidgC' captured eighteen pieces of artillery. He served through the Atlanta campaign, and commanded the Sec- ond Division of the Fifteenth Corps in Sherman's march through Georgia, tie was promoted major- general of volunteers in 1804, for his services at the capture of Fort McAllister, and in the sum- mer of 18(i.5 he commanded the Fifteenth Army Corps. At the close of the war he was brevetted major-general. United States Army. He served on the frontier as colonel of infantry from 1865 to 1S80. except during his stay in France, in the Franco-Prussian War, and at Vienna, as mili- tary attache to the United States Legation dur- ing the Turko-Rjssian War. In 1880 he became chief signal officer, with the rank of brigadier- general. He did much to raise the character of the signal sen'ice. by employing expert physicists, electricians, and meteorologists, and by cooperat- ing with State weather bureaus and scientific societies. By his eflforts the present standard- time meridians were adopted. He also introduced the 'cold-wave' signals and the system of hourly weather bulletins. His publications include: The School and Hie Aj-mi/ in Germany and France, roith. a Diary of Siefie Life at Versailles (1872) ; Onr Barren Lands (1875) ; and A Narrative of Militar,! Scrrice (1885). HA'ZLETON. A city in Luzerne County, Pa., 104 miles northwest of Philadelphia ; on the Lehigh Valley, and other railroads (Map: Penn- s_vlvania, E 3). It has a picturesque site at an elevation of 1700 feet, and enjoys some popu- larity as a summer resort. It is the seat of a State hospital for miners, and has a park. Hazleton is the centre of the anthracite coal dis- trict, and is extensively interested in coal-min- ing. Its silk-mills have become of considerable importance, and there are also knitting-mills, cornice-works, and coffin and casket factories. Settled in 1820. Hazleton was incorporated as a borough in 1840, and in 1890 was chartered as a city. The government is administered by a mayor, elected every three years, and a bicameral council. Jlost of the subordinate officials are chosen by the executive Avith the consent of the council, or elected by the council. Town meet- ings are held frequently on matters of political and general public interest. Population, in 18fl0, 11,87-2; in lilOO, 14,230. HAZLITT, haz'lit, William (1778-18.30). A distinguished English critic and essayist. He was born at Maidstone, in Kent, April 10, 1778, where his father was then a Presbyterian minis- ter, though afterwards a Unitarian. The latter went to America when Hazlitt was five years old, but returned three years later and settled at Wem. in Shropshire. The son was at first pri- vately educated, and then sent to the L^nitarian College at Hackney. He did not take kindly to Dissenting theology-, and, after leaving college in 1795, spent the next few years at his father's house, dabbling in metaphysics and painting. His intellectual life, on the one hand, was keenly stimulated by his meeting with Coleridge in 1798, and by hearing the last sermon preached by the philosopher, which profoundly impressed him. His artistic tastes, on the other hand, led him to Paris in the winter of 1802. He spent his time there copying pictures in the Louvre, and, re- turning to London, took up the profession of por- trait-painting. He attained no great success in this, but it brought him iiit(] literary and artistic society, of which on the latter side his (.'onrcrsa- tions irith Northcule (1830), though belonging to a later period, are the best memorial, while on the former the association with Lamb, Hunt, and Godw'in brought out the taste for jiure litera- ture, in which he was to win the triumphs denied him in the two fields of his earlier predilection. His grave Essay on the Principles of Unman Action (1805), though his own favorite work, did not please the public. In 1808 he married, and settled at Winterslow, near Salisbury; but neither he nor his wife seems to have been well adapted for domestic life in the country. "Never, I suppose," writes his grandson, "was there a worse-assorted pair." The divorce, how- ever, which finally separated them did not come until 1822. In 1812 Hazlitt came back to Lon- don, where at first he was Parliamentary reporter and dramatic critic for the Mornhuj Chronicle. Presently, however, he found the line that suited him, and began to pour forth the remarkable series of literary criticisms on which his highest fame rests. With Leigh Hunt he tried in the Examiner, in 1815, to revive the glories of the Spectator and the Tatter; the best of the essays thus produced were published in 1817 under the title of The Round Tahle. Of bigli signifi- cance, also, are Characters of Shakespeare's Plays (1817); A Review of the English Staye (1818) ; Lectures on the English Comic AVriters (1819); and Lectures on the Dramatic Litera- ture of the Reign of Queen Elizaheth (1821). Coming a.t a time when Coleridge had just be- gun really to make people see what was in Shakespeare, and aiding Lamb and Hunt to recall to the memories of Englishmen the glories of their half-forgotten golden age. Ills criticism was of the highest importance; and he joined with the two last named in establishing an easy, flowing, familiar style of prose which was to have great results throughout the remainder of the century. Saintsbury has recently said un- hesitatingly that "long before Sainte-Beuve, Haz- litt had shown a geniiis for real criticism, as distinguished from l5arren formula-making, which no critic has since surpassed;" and Stevenson, the most charming practitioner in the same prose style, takes his leave of him with, "though we are' mighty fine fellows nowadays, we cannot write like Hazlitt." He and his group show in criticism the efTects of the Romantic move- ment — a widening of the judgment, an importa- tion of human sympathy and the personal equa- tion, and a combination of philosophic discussion of life with bookish details. His temperament was uneven and self-tormenting: it estranged him more or less from all his friends, even for a time from Lamb. One of the most curious episodes in his career is the romantie passion which he conceived for a very ordinary girl, Sarah Walker by name, of a menial station ,and no attractions that others could see; Hazlitt re- corded his emotions during its progress in a little book of extreme interest as a psychological document, called Liher Amoris, or the Xcw Pyg-
