HEGEL. 717 HEHN. Stadte vom J.}, his ins 16. Jahrhuiidert ( 1862- 99). His principal work is fleschichtc der Slddteverfassuiig von Italien (1847) ; and among his other works the more important are: Die Chronik des Dino C'ompagni (1S75) ; Ucber dvn historischeii Wert der altern Dante-Kommentare (1878); Brief e von und an O. W. F. Hegel (1887); Stadte und Gilden der germanischen Viilker im Mittelaller (1801); Die Entstehung des deritschen Stiidtewesens (1898); and Lehen und Erinnerungen (1900). HEGELTJND, ha'ge-lyn, Pedeb Jensen (1542-1014). A Danish dramatist, boni at Ribe. He studied at Copenhagen, Leipzig, and Witten- berg, was made rector of the scliool at Ribe (1569), dean of the cathedral, and Bishop of Ribe (1595). A number of his plays and an historical work are lost, but several of his pc'cms, and .a play, Susanna, translated from Xystus Bitulejus, which he arranged for pupils, and which was acted at Ribe (1570), have been edited by S. Birkit Smith (1890-91). HEGE'SIAS (Lat., from Gk. ■Uyn<rlai, Ilvge- sias). A (?yreiiaic philosopher, who flourished about 300 B.C. He was a Hedonist and a fol- lower of Aristippus, but taught that a life of pure pleasure was unattainable, and therefore liot to be sought. The chief aim of life w^as free- dom from pain. Tlierefore, it was the part of true wisdom to cultivate a state' of absolute in- difference to all pleasure. In his doctrine he set forth the desirability of suicide as a means of escaping the sorrows of this life so eloquently that Cicero tells us Ptolemy forbade his teaching as pernicious. From this advocacy of suicide he was given the nickname TreLffi-ddvaros, or 'Death's advocate.' HEG'ESIP'PUS (Lat., from Gk. 'Kyf/atTrnoc). A Christian writer of the second century. He was probably of Jewish descent and l)orn in the East, whence he went to Rome, stopping at Cor- inth on the way. He is supposed to have died about 189. While at Rome he composed a work, Bypomnemata, in five books, which was probably directed against the Gnostics, and may have been in some sense a history of the early Church. It is known only from fragments, mainly in Euse- i)ius. Another work on the wars of the Jews (also in five books), ascrilied to Hegesippus, is confessedly spurious. The most complete collec- tion of the fragments of his writings is that of Galland, Bihliotheca, vol. ii. (Venice, 1765-81) ; (hey are also in Migne, Patrol. Grwca, v., and are translated in the Ante-Nicene Fathers, viii. HEGESIPPUS. An Athenian orator of the fourth century n.c. an ally of Demosthenes against Philip of Macedon. The oration De Haloneso, ascribed to Demosthenes^ probably is the work of Hegesippus. HEGESO, he-je's6. Monument of. One of the most beautiful of the monuments in the Street of Tombs, at Athens. It belongs to the fourth century B.C., and is decorated with a relief repre- senting a lady at her toilet with a female slave in attendance. HEGIRA, hej'i-ra. See Hejira. HE'GIUS, Alexander (c.14.3.3-98). A himian- ist, teacher of Erasmus. He was bom at Heek (whence his name), in Westphalia, and was taught by Thomas k Kempis at Zwolle. In 1469 he taught at Wesel; in 1474 at Emmerich and at Deventer, where lirasmus, the future Pope Adri- an VI., (jonrad Goclenius, afterwards ])rofessorat Louvain, and Hermann von (h'ni Busch were among his pupils. His methods were novel ; ho did not use the mediicval te.xt-books, but made classic Latin his standard, and tried to introduce Greek. His works, comprising treatises on pedagogy, Uiorals, and psj'chology, together with hynms, elegies, and letters, and an essay, De Vtililale (Iracw Lingua; now very rare, were originally publislicd by .Jakob Fabri in 1503. HEGNENBERG-DUX, lieg'nen-b6rK-di.i.', FiiiEMUCH .i)AM Jt.sTis, Count (1810-72). A Bavarian statesman, descended from Georg Du-V, a natural son of Williai;i IV. of Bavaria. He was educated at Wiirzburg, and in 1845 was elected to the Bavarian Lower House. He was a mem- ber of the National Assembly at Frankfort, and from 1848 to 1865 was president of the Bavarian House of Deputies. Always independ- ent in politics, he was a leader of the opposition up to 1848, then for a short time was allied with the Government, only to oppose it again. In 1871 he was made Prime Minister; but he died less than a year after. HEGNER, hag'ner, Ulkicu (1759-1840). A Swiss autlior, born at Wititcrthur. lie wrote: Auch ich war in Paris (1803-4); Berg-, Land- und Seereisen (1818); Die Molkenlriir (3d e.l. 1827), a descriptive novel; its secpiel, Suschens , llochzeit (1819); and Sahjs Rcroliitionstage (1814), an historical novel; also the biographical find critical works : Bans Holbein, der jiingere (1827), and Beitriige zur niihcrn Kenntnis und vahren Darst--Uung^J. K. Laratcrs (1836). His collected edition of his works was ])ublislicd at Berlin (1828-30). Consult: Schellcnberg-Bieder- mann, Erinnerungen an Vlrich Hegncr (Zurich, 1843), and Waser, Ulrieli Hcgner ("llalle, 1901). HEGO'LEH, or Madoqua. See Duiker. HEHN, hfin, Viktor (1813-90). A German- Russian writer and teacher, born at Dorpat. Hi'> studied there (1830-33) and at Berlin (1838-40). After e.xtended travels, especially in Italy, lie became teacher of German at Pernau ( 1841 ) , and afterwards at Dorpat. Here he fell under sus- picion politically, and, after a long consideration of his case, was by Czar Nicholas ordered to serve in an inferior position in the Province of Tula in the interior of Russia. But Alexander II. summoned him to Saint Petersburg and made him chief librarian of the Imperial library (1855). In 1860 and 1863 he traveled again in Italy, and from 1874 on lived at Berlin as Russian Imperial Councilor. His works are: Zur Charakteristik der Romer (1843) ; /.ur Phi/-iiog- nornie der italienischen Lnntjschaft (1844), Ilnlien: Ansichten und Streiflichter (6th ed. 1900) ; Kulturpflnnzrn und Hausticre in ihreni Uebergang von Asien nach Orirvhrnland und Ital- ien sou-'ie in das iibrige Europa (7th ed. by O. Schrader. 1902) , the most important of his works and the most important work on the subject ; Gednnken Uber Goethe (4th ed. 1900) ; and, post- humously, Hehns Briefe an seincn Freuiid IV'icfc- rnann (1890); De Moribus Ruthenorum. Zur Charakteristilc der rus.<ii.<!chen Volksseele. Tage- hurhblatter. 1^.17-7.1 ( 1892, edited by Schiemann ) ; Ucber Goethes Hermann und Dorothea (1898, edited by Leitzmann and Schiemann) ; and Reinc- bihler ans Italien und Frankrrich (1894. edited by Scliiemann). For his Life, consult Schrader
