GOSPEL. 63 GOSSE. less commemoration is made of a superseded ofTice by the use of its Gospel) is of later iiilrixluflion. In the thirteenth century the priest recited it on the way to the sacristy, as the bishop does to- day on the way from the altar to his throne. Pius V. in his revised missal gave it its present place. See JIass; Ewstle. GOSPELEB. A name applied to the minister in the Church of England who reads the Gosi)el in the communion service, anal(if,'nus to the deacon in the mass. (See Epistoler.) It was also usc<l as a nickname for Wielif and his fol- lowers when they devoted themselves to the cir- culation of the Scriptures in the vernacular. GOS'PORT. A fortified seaport and market- town in Hampshire, England, on Portsmouth Harbor (the English Channel), directly opposite Portsmouth cMap: lingland, E 6). It is the chief manufacturing seat and depot of stores for the equipment of the British Na'y. The inhabit- ants are mostly engaged in Government estab- lishments, which comprise powder-magazines, fusee and rocket laboratories, and the Royal Clarence Victualling Yard, with its various im- portant departments. Among the industries are the manufacturing of anchors and chain cables, yacht-building, and sail-making. The town is inclosed within ramparts with an outer circle of forts, which merge in the continuous barrier that surrounds Portsea and Portsmouth. On the southeast is Haslar Hospital, the celebrated na- tional institution for disabled sailors. Bishop Henry de Blois is said to have bestowed the name of God's port — hence Gosport — when he found safety here during a storm in 1158. The large suburban district of Alverstoke is included in the census of Gosport. Population, in 1891, 25,400; in 1901, 28.900. GOSS, Sir John (1800-80). An English mu- sical composer. He was bom in Fareham, Hamp- shire, and at ten years of age was a chorister in the Chapel Royal, while at twenty-seven he was professor of harmony at the Royal Academy of JIusic. By that time he had written a number of part-songs, sacred and secular, but it was not until he became organist of Saint Paul's Cathe- dral (18.38) that he began to be famous as a composer. Besides writing a number of original anthems, he edited chants and cathedral services by ancient and modern composers, wrote the beau- tiful [f Wc Believe that Jesus Died for the fu- neral of the Duke of Wellington and a Te Deiim and anthem for the Thanksgiving ser-ice on the restoration to health of the Prince of Wales (1872). That year he retired and was knighted. His popularity with his pupils and fellow-mu- sicians is witnessed by the tablet to his memory in the crvpt of Saint Paul's. GOSSAERT, cos'siirt. Jax. See Mabuse, Jan. GOSSAMER (ilE. finssomer. gosesomer, goose- sununer, from fios, goose -|- somer, summer; so called on account of the downy appearance, and the time of coming) . A light filamentous sub- stance, which often fills the atmos]ihcre to a remarkable degree during fine weatluu' in autumn, or is spread over the ground, stretch ins from leaf to leaf and from plant to plant, loaded with dcwdrops, which glisten and sparkle in the sun- shine. It is produced by small spiders of many species, and is said to be produced by young and not by mature spiders, a circumstance which, if placed beyond doubt, would help to account for its appearance at a particular season of the year. The threads of gossamer are so delicate that a single one cannot be seen unless the sun sliines on it; but being driven about by the wind, they are often beaten together into thicker tlucads and Hakes. They are often to be felt on the face when they are scarcely visi))le. The spiders which produce these tlireads shoot them out from their spinnerets, a viscid fluid being ejected with great force, which becomes a threa<l ; sometimes .several such threads are produced at once in a radiating form, and these, being caught by the ascending current of lieated air, are borne up, and the spider along with them. See Spider. GOSSE, Emutxd William (1849—). An Enirlish autlior. He was born in London, Sep- tember 21, 1849, the son of Philip Gosse. the naturalist. Though he did not have the advan- tage of a university education, he has received, in recognition of his services to letters, the degree jM.A. (1SS5) from Cambridge, and the degree LL.D. (1899) from Saint Andrews. In 1807 he was appointed assistant librarian in the British Museum; in 1875, translator to the Board of Trade: and in 1884, Clark lecturer in English literature at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1884 he visited the United States, lecturing at Han-ard. Yale, .Johns Hopkins, and other col- leges. He is distinguished botli as poet and as critic, his chief works being lladrigals, Songs, and Sonnets (1870) ; On Viol and Flute (187.3) ; Tforthern Studies (essays on Scandinavian litera- ture, 1879); Thomas Gray (1882); Seventeenth Century Studies (1883); Connreve (1888); TJis- tory of Eighteenth Century Literature (1889); The Secret of Nareisse (1892): In Russet and Silver (1894) : The Jacobean Poets (1894) ; Crit- ical Kit-Kats (1896) : Short History of English Literature (1897) ; Life and Letters of Dr. John Donne (1899); and An Illustrated History of English Literature, in collaboration with CJar- nett (1902). GOSSE, Nicolas Loms Francois (17S7-1S78). A French historical painter, bom in Pai-is, where he studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and under Vincent, and became a. skilled representa- tive of the academic style prevailing in his ear- lier period. His principal works include: "Na- poleon I. and Queen Louise at Tilsit." "fleeting of Napoleon and Alexander of Russia at Erfurt." and "Louis Philippe Peclining the Crown of Bel- gium Ofl'ered to His Son," all in the Historical Museum at Versailles: and "Entiy of the Dvikc of Amroulcme into Madrid," a wall painting in the Hotel de Ville, Paris. GOSSE. Philip Henry (1810-88). An Eng- lish naturalist, born at Worcester, England. From 1827 to 1835 he lived in Newfoundland as a merchant, from 1835 to 1838 in Canada as a farmer, and from 1838 to- 1839 in Alabama as a teacher. In 1844 he visited .Jamaica to study the birds there. He was an accurate observer of animal life, and a voluminous and most agreeable writer. In 1856 he Avas made F.R.S. Gosse did a gi-eat work in advancing and popularizing marine zoology, and the influence he exerted was wide- snread and lasting, .mong his publications are: The Canadian Xaturalist (1840) : Birds of Ja- maica (1851) : Natural History (1848-51) : Ma- rine Zoology (1856): Eveninns with the Mia'o- scope (1859) ; Letters from Alahama (1859).
