HOLINSHED. 145 HOLLAND. and Scotland, and bj- lUcliard Sfcinihurst, who contributed a part of the histor}- of Ireland. All copies of the work were printed by Henry Bynne- nian. The publishers were George Bishop, John Harrison, and Luke Harrison. A second edition appeared in 1587, after Holinshed's death. This edition was chietly revised b_y Hooker, and con- tained some passages disagreeable to Elizabeth, who ininicdiately ordered them cut out. A mod- ern edition in six volumes was published in Lon- don (1807-08), with the 'disagreeable jia-ssages' rcstori-d. But after all Holinshed's Chronicle, though popular in its day, would be seldom re- called to-day were it not for Shakespeare's in- debtedness to it. From it the data for most of the great iiistorieal plays were probably derived; and in Muchfth, Lear, and Cymbeline most of the borrowed action and dialogue' can be illustrated by cxcer|its from Holinsbed. Consult: Cooper, AthoicE t'ott/afcnV/iCHSes ( Cambridge, Eng., 1858) ; lioswell-Stone, Shakesjiere's Holinshed (New York, 1890). HOLKAR, hol'kiir. Tho name of a powerful JIahratta family, later adopted as a title by the rulers of Indore, one of the native States of Cen- tral India, The founder of the family was Mul- har Rao Holkar, who was born in the Ueccan in 1093, and having gained by his valor the favor of the Peshwa (q,v. ), obtained from him the western half of Malwa, with Indore for his capital. In 1701 he joined the great league of the princes of Hindustan, formed to bar the prog- ress of Alinied Shah Durrani, and was present at llie battle of Panipat, .Tanuary G, 1701; but as lie lied shortly after the battle began, he was susjiected of treason. Holkar was the only Mahratta cliief of note who escaped the slaugh- ter. He died in 1708, and was succeeded by his grandson ilalli Rao, who died soon after. The government then passed to Aylah Bade, the mother of Malli Rao, who resigned the military power to Toghaki Holkar, On his death in 1797 ills natural son, Jeswunt Rao Holkar, a man able, brave, and unscrupulous, seized Indore, but was driven out by Sindia (q.v. ). Such, how- ever. ^^■as Ilolkar's reputation for energy and ability that part of the victorious army deserted to him. with whose aid he obtained a signal vic- tory over Sindia and the Peshwa (October, 1802). After fighting a long time against the British with varying success, he was compelled to conclude ]>eace. He died insane October 20, 1811, His son. Milhar Rao Holkar II., a minor, suc- ceeded, and in 1817 declared war against the Brit- ish, but his ami}' was totally routed at Mahedpore, Dccemlier 21st; whereupon he sent oilers of peace, which were accepted, and an English residency was established at Indore in .lanuary, 1818, He died in 18;!,'i. Martund Rao Holkar, Hurri Rao Holkar, and Kumdi Rao Holkar successively ruled after him. The last of these died without heirs in 184.'!. and the East India Company as- svimed the right of nominating Tukagi Uao Hol- kar, who did not belong to tlie Holkar family. He was educated under the auspices of the Brit- ish Government, and displayed great ability, and always remained on the most friendly terms with the British. In 1880 be was succeeded by his eldest son, Sliiraji Rao Holkar. HOLKAE'S DOMINIONS. See Indore. HOLL, Er.vnk (1845-88), An English paint- er. He was born in London, Julv 4, 1845. a son of a well-known engraver. He was admit- ted as a student at the Royal Academy, 1860. He received a prize for the best drawing from the antique, 1802, and another for the best his- torical painting, "Abraham's Sacrifice" (1803). He exhibited at the Royal .cademy: "Turned Out of Church" (1804); "A Eern Gatherer" (1805); "The Ordeal" (18G0); "Convalescent" (1807). His picture "The Lord Gave and the Lord Hath Taken Away" gained him the two years' traveling studentship for painting, 1809. .mong his other works exhibited are: "No Tidings from tlTe Sea" (1871), which was painted for Queen Victoria; "I am the Resurrection and the Life" (1872); "Deserted" (1874); "Her First-Born" (1876); "Committed for Trial" (1878); "The Gifts of the Fairies" (1879); "Ordered to the Front" (1880) ; "Home Again" (1881); and "ilillicent" (1883). In 1879 he took up portrait painting, in which he achieved high success, being excelled only by Sir John Jlillais (q.v. ) among his contemporaries. lie united strong characterization with brilliancy of color. Among his sitters were the Prince of Wales. Lord XVolseley, the Duke of Cambridge, John Bright, the Marquis of DutVerin. Joseph Chamberlain, Sir John Millais, William Ewart Gladstone. Holl was elected academician in 1883, and received medals at Philadelphia in 1870. and at Melbourne. He died in London, July 14, 1888. HOLLAND. A medifEVal county, whose terri- tories now form the provinces of North and South Holland (qq.v,), in the Kingdom of the Nether- lands, The hereditary counts of Holland, whose dominions were included within the limits of the Holy Roman Empire, appear in history as early as the tenth century. Count William 11. was elected Roman Emperor in 1247 in o|)position to Frederick II. He contested the Imperial crown with Conrad IV,. Frederick's successor, and on the death of Conrad in 1254 was recognized by the German princes. He was slain in a war with the Frisians in 1256, In 1299 Holland passed to the counts of Hainault, .Soon after, Zceland was ])er- manently united with Holland. In 1433 Countess Jacqueline made over Hainault. Holland, and Zceland to Philip the' Good of Burgundy. Hol- land shared the fortunes of the united Nether- lands and was one of the provinces which achieved their liberation from Spain and constituted them- selves into the Dutch Republic, See BuRGUXOY: Netherlands, HOLLAND. A city in Ottawa County. Mich., 25 miles southwest of Grand Rapids; at tho head of Black Lake, which atTords a good harbor, hav- ing re,g>ilar steamboat lines to Milwaukee and Chicago, and also on the P^re Mar(]uctte Railroad (Map: Michigan. G 0). It is the scat of Hope College. o]iened in 1805. and of the Western Theo- logical Seminary, both under the control of the Reformed Clmrch in America, and has a public library. There are several summer resorts on the shore of Black Lake that enjoy considerable popularity. Holland carries on an extensive grain trade, and is a manufacturing centre of importance, its industries including flour and planing mills, tanneries, furniture, veneer, tub, and basket factories, a beet-sugar factor^-, a large pickling plant, and establishments for the manu- facture of wood-working machinery, and electric and steam launches. The water-works and dec-
