HOLT. 156 HOLTZENDORFF. verscil in the constitutional law of England. In 1085-86 he was Uecorder of London, and about this time was appointed SergeantatLaw and King's Sergeant. Afterwards he fell into disfavor willi King Janie.s II., but the ability which he displayed in the Convention Parliament raised him so high in the estimation of the I'rince of Orange, that, upon the accession »f the latter to the English throne. Holt was made Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench. As a judge he was noted for the fairness and even kindness with which he treated accused persons, and for his opposition to prosecutions for witchcraft. He was also opposed to standing armies and to the use of military power for the preservation of domestic peace. Consult: Uepurl of All the Cases Dclcrmined 61/ >S'ir John lloll. fit. from I6S8 to 1710, etc. (in the Savoy, 17.38) ; Report of Cases Argued, etc., in T{[anco] l{[cgina'] in the Time, of Queen .lime (ib., 1737) ; Koss, Judges of Eng- land: irith Sketrhes of Their Lirrs, etc. (London, 1848-64); Burnet, History of His Otcn Time (6 vols., London, 1838). HOLT, .Joseph (1807-94). An American ju- rist, born in Breckinridge County, Ky.. and edu- cated at Saint Joseph's College and Centre Col- lege in the .same State. He studied law; prac- ticed in Elizabethtown, then in Louisville; lived for a time after 1835 in Mississippi, where he contested several suits with .Sergeant S. Prentiss, among them the case as to the ownership of some public land, claimed by the heirs of Newit Vick, for whom Prentiss was counsel. In the same year (1835) he attracted attention as politician and orator by his defense of R. M. .Johnson in the Democratic National Convention. He was a strong supporter of Buchanan in 1856, and was apiiointed by liim Commissioner of Patents in the following year. In 1859 he l)ecame Postmaster- General, and in 18G0 succeeded Floyd as Secre- tary of War. A Douglas Democrat before the war. he heartily siipported the L'nion, and in 1802 became .Tu(lge-.dvocate, and two years later Judge Advocate-General. .-Vs head of the depart- ment of military justice he conducted the trial of Fitz .John Porter and that of Lincoln's assas- sins. He was brevetted major-general in 1865 and retired ten years later. HOLTEI, hAl'tt, Karl vo. (1798-1880). A (Jernian [loet, dramatist, and novelist, born in Breslau, where at the age of twenty-one he went on the stage. In 1821 he married an ac- tress, Luise Rogf-e, and after acting as secre- tary and drainaturgist to the Breslau Theatre for two years went to Berlin with his wife, who had been engaged at the Court Theatre there, and wrote the very successful plays. Die ^yicner in Berlin and Die Berliner in Mien. His wife died in 1825. and he soon married Julie Holz- becher (1809-39). a clever comedienne. In 1833 he returned to the stage and toured with his wife, writing for this purpose Lorbtcrbaum iirid Brftrlxtab and fhakcfprare in der Fleimat (1810). He died at Breslau. in the cloister of the Brothers of Charity. The best of his pro- ductions is his Hrhlesische (ledichte (20th ed. 189.3), lyrics in the .Silesian dialect. Holtei's collected plays are contained in the Theater (1807). Besides his plays and lyrics. Holtei wrote many novels, among which mention should be made of Die Vngahunden (8th cd. 1894) ; Christian Lammfrll (4th ed. 1878) : "Sohlesse oblige (2d ed. 1862), and others collected in Krzahlende Schriften (1801-60); and sketches and criticisms. Consult Storch, AuW fou Uoltci (Wal.l.-iiburg, 1898). HOL'TON. A city and the county-seat of Jackson Countj', Kan., 80 miles nortliwest of Kansas City, Mo., on the Chicago, Kock Island and Pacific, the Union Pacific, and the Missouri Pacific railroads (.Maj): Kansas, G 2). It is the conunercial centre for a stock-raising and farming section, the chief crops of which are corn, wheat, and hay. Campbell I'nivcrsitv (Baptist) was established liere in 1882. Settled in 1859, Helton was incorporated in 1870. The govern- ment is administered by a mayor, elected every two years, and a common council. Population, in 1890. 2727; in 1900, 3082. HOLTON, LuTiiEB Hamilto.v (1817-80). A Canadian statesman, born in South Leeds, On- tario. He was a prominent merchant and city councilor of Montreal before becoming its rep- resentative in Parliament (1854-57). He was member for Chateaugay (1863-80). and held different positions in the Government. He was leader of the opposition in the Quebec local House, president of the Montreal Reform Associa- tion, a governor of McGill I'niversity, and for five years director of the Grand Trunk Railway. HOLTY, hel'tA, LrnwTO Heinrich CitRiSTOPii (1748-70). A popular German poet, born at Mariensee, the son of a country parson. He studied theology at Giittingcn (1709), fell in there with Biirger, Voss, and the Stolbergs. and assisted in founding the patriotic poetic league of the Hainbund. He was naturally sentimental, and dwelt, though not mort)idly. "on death, na- ture, and solitude, showing the influence of Rousseau, and especially of the Xight Thoughts of Young. Occasionally there is also a joymis or even a playful strain, but it is with harmoni- ous melancholy that he is associated in the popular mind. A few of his poems are known wherever German is sung. Hiilty's Works were collected in 1789. There is a life by Ruete (Gu- ben, 1883). and biographies in the critical edi- tions by Voss (Hamburg. 1835). Voigt (Han- over. 18.58), and Halm (Leipzig, 1870). HOLTZ, hilts. WiLiiEi.M (1836—). A Ger- man physicist. He was born October 15, 1836, at Saatel, near Barth. in Pomcrania, and studied physics and other sciences at Berlin, Dijon, and Kclinburgh. He invented the electrical machine which bears his name (see Electrical M.- ciilXE) in 1805. and engaged in many researches, particularly in electricity, but his health forced him to give up scientific investigations for a number of years. Tn 1877 he became assistant in the physical laboratory of Oreifswald, where in 1881 he was made privat-docent. and three years later professor. He is the author of many papers on electricity published in the scientific journals, and of two volumes on lightning pro- tection. Vcber Theorie, .inlage und Priifuiig der Blitznhleiter (1878), and jjeher die Zunahme der Hlitzqefahr und ihre vermuthlichen Ursachen (1880). HOLTZENDORFF, hftlts'cn-dflrf. Franz tojt (1829-891. A rjerman jurist. He was bom in V'ietmannsdorf. Prussia ; studied law at Ber- lin, Heidelberg, and Bonn ; became professor of jurisprudence at Berlin in 1860. and held the same professorship at Munich from 1873 until his death. He strove especially to correct the crim-
