HOPE THEATRE. 201 HOPKINS. 1581. It was restored to its former use at ihe Kestoration, but toward the end of the seven- teenth centuiy gradually lost its popularity. HOPFEN, hr)p'fn. Hans vox (1S35-1004). A (iernuin novelist and poet, born and educated at JIunich. In lS(i() he moved to Berlin, where he devoted himself to literature, having already edited the Miiiichener Dichterbuch (1862) anil written the novel I'eregretta (1864). A book of essays, HtreitfriKjen und Erinnerungen (1876); a volume entitled Theater (1889); the plays Asclienbrcidel in lioliiiien. In der Mark; the ^eues Theater ( 18!l2-!i:j) : the tragedv Gottin der Ver- niinft (1892) : the drama Uelga (1892) ; and the eoniedy Es hat so xollen sein ( 1893), comprise his best dramatic and miscellaneous work. The re- mainder of his writings include a score of novels and collections of stories, of which the follow- ing may be mentioned: Verdorben zu Paris (2d ed. 1892) : Die Heirat de.i Eerrn von TValdenberg (2d ed. 1884); Der alte Praktikant (3d ed. 1891); Die flesehirhten des Majors (3d ed. 1882) ; Xeue Gesehiehten des Majors (1890) ; Im Sehlaf geschenkt (4th ed. 1896) ; Zehn oder elf (1901) ; and Gotthard Lingens Fahrt nach dem aiiick (1902). HOP-HORNBEAM. See HoBNBEAsr. HOPI. ho'pe, or mOKI, mO'ke. An interest- ing Pueblo tribe of Shoshonean stock, occupying .seven villages upon three mesas in north central Arizona, and numbering about 1600, including those of Tewa or Hano. The principal villages are Walpi and Oraibi. In many respects the Hopi may be considered the most interesting of Pueblo tribes. They are all mesa-dwellers, their villages being situated hundreds of feet above the surrounding desert. They are only to be reached by sleep, adventurous trails. They hold fast to their old alioriginal culture, which is of the typical Pueblo character, but better pre- served than that along the Rio Grande. Their ceremonials are elaborately conducted, particu- larly those of the 'new fire' and the 'winter solstice,' also the celebrated snake dance, in which the performers carry living rattlesnakes in their mouths as they dance. They are indus- trious farhiers .nnd have always in their gran- aries abundant stores of corn, beans, and pump- kins. They also weave baskets and blanket-s, and arc skillful potters and wood-carvers. (See Col- ored Plates in articles Basket and BljVnket.) The clan system is rigid and highly developed among them. According to arch.Tological evidence, the ancestors of these tribes were authors of many of the ancient ruins in the surrounding region. The people of the small village of Hano are of differ- ent language, originally being refugees of Ta- noan stock, who fled from the Rio Grande at the time of the great Pueblo rebellion in 1680. HOP-INSECTS. The most destructive in- sect enemy of the hop crop is the hop-aphis. Other species arc of less importance, but they sometimes do considerable damage to the plant. The hop-grub or hop-plant borer (Gortyna im- manis) is the larva of a noctuid moth which lays its eggs in the early part of the season upon the yormg shoots of the plant. The young cater- pillars, which are slender and greenish in color spotted with black, bore into the vine just below the tip and remain at this point for some time. The head turns downward and .stops growing. Such vines are called 'mutfled heads' or 'stag vines,' and sometimes 'bullheads,' the cater- pillar at this time being called 'tip-worm.' A little later it drops to the ground and enters the stem at the surface of the ground. It is then called the 'collar-worm,' changing to a white color with black .spots. About the end of July it becomes full-grown and transforms to pupa near the roots of the plant. The moth issues in the fall or in the spring. A number of different caterpillars feed upon the foliage. The hop-vine snout-moth {Hypena humiili) is one of the princi])al forms. The larvie of two butterflies (Polyyonia inierroga- tioiiis and Polygonia comma) feed quite abun- dantly upon this plant and are known to hop- growers as 'hop-merchants' from the gold and silver markings upon the chrysalids. "file zebra caterpillar (larva of Mamtstra picta), the com- mon woolly-bear caterpillar (larva of Spilosoma rirginica), and the saddle-back caterpillar (larva of Empretia stimulea) are the remaining prin- cipal species. One of the leaf-hoppers, Tetti- gonia eon/luenta, causes more or less damage to the foliage, and the striped (lea-beetle (Phyllo- treta vittata) also damages the leaves. Avhile the so-called 'red spider' or 'spinning mite' (Tetrany- chus telarius) often causes the leaves to turn yellow. The best remedj- for all of these insects consists in spraying at the proper time, using an arsenical spray for the caterpillars and the flea-beetle, a kero.sene emulsion for the leaf- hoppers, and a sulphur wash for the spinning mite. Consult Howard, "Pests of the Hop Crop," in Tlic Hop Industry (Xew York, 1898). HOPKINS, Edward (1000.57). A Colonial Governor of Connecticut. He was a London trader who came to Boston in 1637, and set- tled at Hartford. He was chosen Governor of the Colony of Connecticut several times during the period 1640-1654. After that he lived in Lon- don. He assisted in forming the Union of the Xew England Colonies in 1643. He left £1000 to support grammar schools in Hartford and Xew Haven, ^^'ith the sum of £500 left for ']iublie ends.' Harvard College, to which it was turned over, bought a township from the 'pray- ing Indians.' and named it Hopkinton. HOPKINS, Edward Jerome (1836-98). An -Vmerican musician, horn at Burlington, Vt. He was practically a self-taught musician, and re- markably precocious. He held many positions as organist in Xew York City, was the originator of the 'lecture-concerts,' and made many concert tours in the United States, and in 1890 in Eng- land. He founded the .merican Music Asso- ciation (IS.iO) for performing native works: the Orpheon Free Schools (1865), which had over 30.000 pupils; and the X'ew York Philhar- monic Journal (1868). His compositions em- brace almost every department of nnisic. but a! though many of them, as Easter Festival Vespers i for three choirs, echo choir, two organs and or- chestra, harp an<l cantor priest), are of striking- ly original form, they have not met with much favor. He died at Athenia, N. J. HOPKINS, Edward WA.sTinfRX (1857—). -An -Vmerican Sanskrit scholar and philologist, born at Xorthampton. ^lass. He graduated at Columbia College. Xew York, in 1878. and after studying in Germany and teaching at Bryn Mawr College. Pa., he was called to Yale University in 1895. as professor of comparative philology
