HORNELLSVILLE. 216 HOBN-FLY. providea for a mayor, elected biennially, in whose power, subject to the consent of the council, rest the appointments to subordinate ollices; and a unicameral council. Settled in 1790. llornells- ville was part of Canisteo, and was called Upper Canisteo until 1820, when it was incorporated as a separate town under its present name, given in honor of Judjje tieor-je Hornell, who was prom- inent in the town's earlv liiston'. Population, in 18'.I0, 10,!)90; in 1900, 11,918. HORN'ER, Fkancis (17781817). A British statesman and piditical economist. He entered Edinburt,'h Liiivcrsity in 1792, but left before finishing his course to take u|) the study of law. and was called to the Scotch bar in 1800. Later, in 1807, after a course at Lincoln's Inn. London, he started practice in the western circuit of Eng- land. Elected to Parliament in 1800, he sided with the Whigs, gaining special prominence in the debates on (|uestions of finance and political economy. Horner was very much interested in the 'bullion' (piestion which arose in 1810, and was chairman of the committee which drew np the first report on the subject. The recommenda- tions embodied therein failed of adoption, but as a result of his influence, restrictions were placed upon the issue of paper money, thus paving the way for the success of Peel's Currency Keform Bill in 1841. Horner was one of the three orig- inal founders of the Ediuhiiryh Ifrvicir. to which he was a frequent contributor. Consult Horner, Memoirs and Correspondence of Francis Horner (Boston, 18.5.3). HORNER, ViLLi..M Edmonds (179.'5-1853). An American physician, bom in Warrenton, Va. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1814. was surgeon for a time in the United States Nav}', and from 18.31 until his death was professor of anatomy in the University of Penn- sylvania. In 1847 he founded Saint .Joseph's Hospital. In 1824 he announced the dis<'Overy of the muscle (tensor tarsi) known as "Horner's muscle.' He published a number of medical works, including: Pathological Anatomy; Prac- tical Anatomist (185G); Special Anatomy and Histology (8th ed. 18.51); The United States Dissector (.5th ed. 18.56) ; and superintended the preparation of an Anatomical Atlas bv Henrv H. Smith (1S44). HORNER. ViLi.i.M Oeohge (1786-18.37). An English, algebraist. He was educated at Kings- wood Sehool, near Bristol, and afterwards be- came master there. He also established a school at Bath (1809), where he remained until his dcalli. He had no university training, and was not a profound mathematician. He is known solely for his discover}' of the ingenious algorism for approximating the roots of higher numerical equations, which was made known in a paper read before the Royal Society in 1819. and pub- lished in the Philosophical Transactions. The process is commonly known in England and America as Horner^s method, and may be found in any higher algebra. Related to it is a process of synthetic division which also bears his name. HORNES, Philip, Count of. See Hoorne. HORNET (AS. hyrnet, hurnitu, OHG. hornuz, hornaz, Ger. Horniss ; connected with Lat. crahro, OChurch Slav, sriishcni. Litli. szirs:one, hornet, OChurch Slav, .trusha, Lith. szirszii, wasp; less plausibly connected with horn, either from its antennae or from its buzzing sound) . A name ap- plied to .several large stinging inserts belonging to the family Vespida' and genus Vi'spa. They dif fer from Polistes. the other cummnn genus of tlii~ family, in having larger, thicker bodies, and al ways inclosing their nests with a grayish paper covering. In color, they are usually black or dark brown, conspicuously ornamented with white or yellow. The hornet biilds its nest, which is in the form of a number of combs placed one above another. in a hole in the ground, or in tho open, attached to the branches of a tree, or under the eaves of buildings. Us manner of constructing the nest and caring for the young is the same as that described elsewhere under the title Wa.sp. It is among the most voracious of insects, eagerly laps up all sorts of sweets, and seizes and devours other insects of various kinds. One of the most conunon species in the United States is Ics/io maculata. which bviilds its great nest in the branches of trees. It is very vigilant, and especially irritable when attending to the duties of its nest, but it may often be found liibernating in the autumn and winter in decaying wood, when it may be liandled with impunity. The European liornet [Vespa crahro) has been accidentally introduced into the United States, and has established it.self in the vicinity of New York City. Its spread has been very slow, and although its original intro<Iuction and establish- ment must have taken place many years ago, it is still apparently restricted to an area of little over 100 miles square. See Wasp; and consult the authorities there referred to. HORNE-TOOKE, John. See Tooke. HOBN-FLY. A European fly {Httmatohia serrut(i). which was imported into the United States about 1888, nniltiplied with excessive rapidity, and soon spread over the entire country. It breeds in cow-dung, and with very great rapidity and prolificacy. It is a biting lly, and greatly annoys cattle. The name 'liorn-lly' is de- ^^ nORX-FLY. The adnlthorn-fl.v; nnil n oow'b horn about the base ol which le clustered a ewarni of the flies. rived from a habit which the flies have of cluster- ing in great numljers so as to form black bands around the bases of the horns of cattle. They do not damage the horns, as has been supposed, but simply rest in this location, where they can- not easily be reached by the cow. Consult: Lint- ner. "The Cow-Horn Fly." in The Country Gentle- man (London. 1897) : Parrot, "Horn-Fly Reme- dy," in the Kansas Farmer (Topeka, 1899) ; Osbom, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals (De- partment of Agriculture, Washington, 1896).
