HOTEL. 2r>2 HOT SPRINGS. complicate the problem. Under the manager, and directly responsible to him, are a steward nnd a chef." The former has charjje of the sup- jdies and general super'isiou over the house- keeper, storekceiwr, head laundress (and their hubordinates), and over the clerks of the accouilt- iiif,' department and the pluml)ers. carpenters, nnd ipholsterers. The steward also generally buys the nwes^ary provisions and supplies. Most ot'the provisions are ordered fresli everj- day, though usually the larder is stocked with a sup- ply sullicicnt "for two days, while the supply of dry stull" on hand is sullieient for a week. The chef has absolute charge of the kitchen and its staff. The steward makes his purcluises accord- ing to li.sts iiirnished him by the chef, who over- sees all details in connection with the cuisine. A head waiter superintends the dining-rooms and arranges for private dinners and suppers. For the history of the early hotel, see Ii'N. HOTEL (in law). See Ixx, Inntceepeb. h6TEL DE CLXTNY, 6'tel' de khi'nf-'. See Cluny, JIOtel de. h6TEL DE RAMBOTTtLLET^ de rUN'- IkkJ'vA'. See Ramhoi iLi.Kr, Hotkl de. h6tEL DES INVALLDES, dA zaN'vi'Ud'. See I.NV.i.i[)hS. HOTEL DE VILLE, dc vel. The city hall of Paris. The scat nf the municipal government was originally on the left bank of the Seine, whence it was transferred to a position near the (TTiatelct on the right bank in the thirteenth century, and in 1.3.57 was established in a building (m the Plaie de Grfve, now the Place de I'Hotel de Ville. Under Francis I. the building had been outgrown, and a new edifice was liegim, which was com- pleted under Henry IV. It was totally destroyed by the Communists in 1871, with the loss of COO of their companions who were unable to escape from the building, and was rebuilt between 1873 and 188.3. The new building is a fine Renais- sance stniiture, with an imposing facade en- riched with allegorical groups and single statues typifying the principal French cities. The in- terior is richly ornamented with sculpture and paintings by great French artists, and contains a fine arrand staircase and a large decorated hall. Generically. the name is applied by the French to any town hall. HOTEL DIEU, dye. One of the oldest hos- pitals in luiropc and the most important in Paris, said to have been founded in (il!0. It formerly stood on the south side of the He de la Citf, and was connected with an annex on the right bank of the Seine. In 1772 the hospital was destroyed and subsequently rel)iilt on the same spot. The institution was transferred in 18C8 to its pres- ent position on the north side of the island, near Not re Dame. It contains 5.i0 beds, and three medical professorships are attached to it. HOTHO, ho'tA. Hei.nrich Gi'Stav (1802-7.3). A ficrninri art historian, born in Berlin. He studied at the university of his native city, in 1829 became one of its professors, and the next year was appointed assistant director of the gal- lery of paintings in the Royal JIuseum. He was well known as a disciple of Hegel, for the com- plete edition of whose works he elaborated the Vorlexiinfien i'lher Ae/ithetik (3 vols., 2d ed. 1842- 43). In addition he published Gfurhirhte iter deuischen und niedcrUindischen Malerei (1842- 43) ; Die Malerschule Uubcria van Eyck (2 vols., I8r>r>-58); Itif Meinltriiirkc dvr Malcni vuiii i:nde. dcs .i. bin Anfanii ilis IS. ./ahrliutnlrrls in. jihoto- und f)ltotulilhiiiirii])Uischrn S'lirhbilduiKjcii (18(i,i); and an imliiii>lii'<l work entitled <Je- schichic der chri^lliclun Malerei (1807-72). HOTHOUSE. A building intended for the cultivaliiin of exotic plants which require a higher temperature than that of the open air. The term is more generally applied to those buildings in which artificial heat is used. It in- cludes such terms as 'stove,' 'bark stove,' etc., in the fornwr of which the heat was derived from fires, and in the latter by fermenting tan-bark, which not only produced heat, but kept the air moi-t. Sic (iKEEXlIOlSE. HOTMAN, At'ma.N', or HOTMAN'NTJS, Fkanvois (1524-90). A French jurist and au- thor, born in Paris. He received the degree of doctor at Orleans, and afterwards, though but twenty-two years old. gave lectures on Roman law at the Vniversity of Paris. At this time he became a convert to the reformed religion, nnd was forced to take refuge in Geneva. On the recommendation of Calvin, he was made pro- fessor of belles-lettres at Lausanne in 1549. Afterwards he went to Strassburg as professor of civil law; then to Valence (1502) and Bourges (15G7). For a short time he returned to Paris, but the massacre of Saint Bartholomew sent him back to Geneva. His last years were spent at Basel. Hotman's books had a great inlluence on the time, and wrought a reformation in the study and teaching of law. His two most im- portant works arc VAnti-trihrmUui. ou discoum sur V^ludc dcs loin (1507), and Franco-Gnllin (1573), often reprinted with changes of matter and lilies. HOT SPRINGS. A city and the county-seat of Garland County, Ark.. .50 miles west by south of Little Rock; on the Choctaw, Oklahoma and <;ulf. anil the Saint lyouis. Iron Mountain and Southern railroads (Map: Arkansas, C 3). It is one of the most beautiful towns in the United States, and is widely noted for the hot waters that flow from 72 springs, included in a space of 10 acres on the west side of Hot Springs Mountain. The waters of these springs range in tempera- ture from 70° to 157° Fahr., and are beneficial in a multitude of diseases. In 1832 four sections of land, the thermal springs being in the centre of the district, were set off by Congress as a Gov- ernment reservation. .Since then the Government has established on the mountain the Army and Xavy General Hospital, and expended large sums in improving and developing the reserva- tion. The Government bath-houses, extending along Central Avenue, are tasteful in design, and have attractive surroundings. There are many hotels here, the Kastman, the Arling- ton, and the Park ranking among the largest in the country; and the city is one of the most popular resorts in America, having annually 100.000 visitors. Settled about 1804^. Hot ."springs was incorporated as a town in 1870. and was chartered as a city of the first clii.ss in 187!). The government is administered by a mayor, elected every two years, and a municipal council, of which the executive is a member. Population, in 1890, 8080; in 1900. 9973. HOT SPRINGS. . town in Madison County, X. C, 38 miles northwest of Asheville; on the
