HOWE. 275 HOWELL. liighest and best sense — a lover of his fellow- uien; and no American certainly was ever con- nected with more great ret'omis that were brouglit to a successful conclusion. Consult Sanborn, Ur. IS. G. JJotce, the Philanthropist (New York, 1891). HOWE, Timothy Otis (181C-83). An Ameri- can lawyer and politician, bom in Livermore, !Maine. He was admitted to the bar in 1S39, and in the following year became a Whig member in the Maine Legislature. In 1840 he was obliged by ill healtli to give up his career in Maine, and removed to Green Bay, Wis., which was his home during the rest of his life. In 1850 he was elect- ed judge of the Circuit and Supreme courts of Wisconsin. From 1801 to 1879 he was a member of the United States Senate as a Republican, and served on the committees of Finance, Commerce, Pensions, and Claims, He declined an appoint- ment to the vacancy in the United States Supreme Court occasioned by the death of Judge Cha.se, In 1S81 he Ix'came Postmaster-General in Presi- dent Arthur's Cabinet, and in the latter part of that year went to Paris as a United States dele- gate to the International ilonetary Conference. HOWE, Sir William (17291814). A British soldier in the American Revolution, younger brother of Richard. Earl Howe (q.v,), whom he succeeded as fifth Viscount Howe in 1799, He was educated at Eton, was appointed a cornet in 1740, and saw service in Flanders. In 1750 he became captain, and in 1757, having attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel, he was placed in com- mand of the Fifty-eighth Foot, and sent with it in the following year to America, where he took part in the siege and capture of Louisburg and accompanied Wolfe on his expedition to Quebec, After the capture of Montreal, in 17G0, he re- turned to Europe, and in 17G2 was adjutant-gen- eral of the expedition against Havana. After the close of the Seven Years' War he was made colonel of the Forty-sixth Foot (1704), was elected to Parliament as a Whig from Notting- ham, and in 1708 was appointed Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of the Isle of Wight. He attaired the rank of major-general in 1772, When the rupture with the American Colonies became imminent, Howe was pronounced in his condemnation of the Government's course. Nevertheless, in spite of this feeling, and of his dislike for Gen- eral Gage, he commanded the reenforcements sent to the latter at Boston in March, 1775. He commanded the British in the battle of Bunker Hill, on .June 17th following. Later ne was made a lieutenant-general, and in October succeeded Gage in command of all the troops in America outside of Canada, with the local rank of general. He was besieged in Boston by Wash- ington during the winter of 1775-76, and, being compelled to abandon the city, withdrew his troops to Halifax, and afterwards transferred his com- mand to Staten Island, whence he moved on New York, winning the b.ittle of Long Island on Au- gust 27, 1770, and occupying the city on Septem- ber 15th, On October 28th he defeated Washing- ton at ^Vliite Plains, and afterwards captured Forts Washington and Lee, after which he set- tled down in New York for the winter. It was not until June, 1777, that he again took the field. Wishing to reach Philadelphia, and finding that he had not a sufficiently large force to ad- vance across New Jersey in the face of Wash- ington's army, he embarked his troops, and sailed down the coast and up the Chesapeake Bay as far as Elkton, where he landed his forces on August 28th, ilarching northward, he en- countered and defeated Washington at the Brandywine on September 11th, and on Septem- ber 27th occupied Philadelphia, On October 4th the Americans were repulsed at Germantown. After hearing the news of BurgojTie's surrender at Saratoga on October 17th, Howe made ar- rangements to stay in Philadelphia during the winter, while Washington went into winter quar- ters at Valley Forge. Howe had sent in his resig- nation shortly after taking Philadelphia, but it was not accepted until May, 1778, when Sir fienry Clinton was appointed to succeed him. Before leaving Philadelphia his officers gave him a farewell entertainment in the shape of a mock tournament, which they named the 'Mischianza' (q.v.). He was severely criti- cised for his inactivity at Philadelphia, and in 1779, after his return to England, his conduct was the subject of a Parliamentary inquiry; but the examining committee reached no definite decision in the matter. In 1782 he lx?came lieu- tenant-general of ordnance, and attained the rank of full general in the following year. Dur- ing the remainder of his life he held various commands in England. HOWELL. A village and the county-seat of Livingston County, Mich., 34 miles east by south of Lansing, on the Ann Arbor and the Pere Marquette railroads (Map: Michigan, K 0). It has manufactures of flour, condensed milk, sash and doors, etc. Population, in 1890, 2387; in 1900, 2518, HOWELL, James (c.l.594-ie66). An English author, born in Wales, He graduated B.A, from Jesus College, Oxford (1013); traveled exten- sively on the Continent as agent of a London glass house, and afterwards as a representative of the Government. He was imprisoned for a time during the Civil War, but after the Restora- tion he was appointed historiographer royal of England, Howell wrote with ea^e and grace many books, of which the best is r.pistolw Bo- vliaixe; Familiar Letters, Domestic and Foreipu, Divided into foundry Sections, Pnrtli) Uistorical, Political, and Philosophical (vol. i. 1645; vol. ii. 1647; together with a third ol, 1053). By 1737 this book had passed through ten editions. Con- sult: reprint of the tenth edition by ,T. Jacobs (London, 1890) ; and for a popular edition, the "Temple Classics Series." HOWELL, .Joiix CiMMiXG (1819 92). An American naval olTicer. born in Philadelphia, Pa., and educated .at Washington College, Pennsyl- vania. He was appointed a midshipman in the United States Navy in 1830; saw some service in the naval operations of the Mexican War: be- came commander in 1862, and participated in many engagements during the Civil War. with especial distinction in the battle of Hatteras Inlet and in the two attacks upon Fort Fisher. He served as fleet captain of the European sta- tion in 1869-70; was commandant of the Le.igue Island Navy-Yard at Philadelphia in 1871-72, and of the Portsmouth Navy-Yard from 1872 to 1874. From 1874 to 1879 he was chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, at times acting as Secretary of the Navy: was in command of the European squadron from 1879 to 1881, and on
