lAMBLICHUS. 417 IBERCOUET. lAMBLICHTJS, I-am'bli-kus (Lat., from Gk. 'Id/iliXixoi). ( 1 ) A Greek writer of the second century a.d., a Syrian by birth, and the author of the earliest Greek romance of which considerable remains have survived. It was entitled liabyloni- aca, and described in thirty-five books the re- markable adventures of two lovers, Rhodanes and Sinonis. The original romance has perished, but large extracts are preserved by Photius (chap, xciv.). (See Photius.) There is no great merit in the style, and the plot is full of magic. (2) A^teo-Platonic philosopher, born at Chaleis, in Ccele-Syria, about a.d. 283. He lived mostly at Alexandria. He studied under the Nco I'lato- iiistsAnatolius and Porphyrins, and liecame deeply imbued with the teachings of Plotinus, which he expounded for many years to a large circle of hearers at Alexandria — but with a considerable admixture of his own peculiar views. He died at Alexandria, about A.D. 3.30. His doctrines were a mixture of Pythagorean and Platonic ideas, with nuich superstition and magic, and the supposed manifestation of God by ecstasies, and a com- munication with the spiritual world by means of ceremonies. He was a volufiiinous writer, but most of his writings are lost. Perhaps they were destroyed by the Emperor Constantine, who or- dered the burning of the works of Porphyrins. Of his work, Uepl JlvSaydpov 'Kipiam^, in ten books, we possess four complete sections, viz.: Oyi the Life of Pifthnfjorafi (Ufpl tov UuOayopiKov Piov) edited by Nauck (Saint Peter-slnirg. !S,S4) : Fj.r}iortation to Philosophy Cnpcnpi-rrtKoX Ao7ai ils
- iXo<ro0(ay), e<l. by Piste'lli ( heipzig, 1888); On
Matltciiiutics {Hepi yiadr)p.aTiK7Js 'Eni(rTifip.ris) , ed'. by Pesta (Lci[)zig, 181)1); and an introduction to the Arithmetic of Nicomachus, ed. by Pistelli (Leipzig, 1804). There is also in existence a work on Mi/steriefi (Uepl Mvffrrjploiv AAvos), which is attributed to lamblichus; but the at- tribution has been questioned, perhaps, without reason. On lamblichus and his philosophy, con- sult: Chaignet, Histoire dc la psychologie des Grecs, vol. v. (Paris, 1893) ; and Zeller, History of Greek Philosophy (New York, 1889). lANTHE, I-an'the. ( 1 ) In Roman mythology, a girl to whom Iphis was betrothed (Ovid. Met., i.x. 12). (2) A character in Sir William Davcn- ant's The fiieyc of Rhodes. (3) Lady Charlotte Harley, to whom, under the name of lanthe, By- ron dedicated his Ohilde Harold. (4) A charac- ter in Shelley's Queen Mab. lAP'ETTJS (Lat, from Gk. 'lairirds) . One of the Titans, son of Uranus and Giea, father in Hesiod of Atlas, Jlenoetius, Prometheus, and Epi- metheus. Through Prometheus he is ancestor of Deucalion (q.v.). and so of the human race. Many scholars suppose his name to be identical with the biblical .laphet ; others, like Maximilian l^feyer, Gigantcn und Titanen (Berlin, 1887), deny any such connection. lAPYGIA, i'a-pijl-a (Lat., from Gk. 'lairu- •t'la). A name given to the southeastern dis- trict of Italy, forming the heel of the Peninsula ; also called Messapia. The name lapygia was familiar to the Greeks, but was not known to the Romans. IBA, e'nA. The capital of the Province of Zam- hales, in Luzon, Philippines (Map: Luzon. A 5). It is situated 122 miles northwest of Jfanila. and has a post-office and telegraph station and a popu- lation (1898) of 3,500. IBABAN, i-ba'dan. The chief commercial city of Yoruba, in the interior of the English col- ony of Lagos, in Nigeria, Africa. It is a walled town, situated on a small river, the OdoOna, 30 miles south of Ojo. and about '6'y miles northeast of Lagos, with which latter town it is connected I13- rail. Its population is estimated at 200,000, including the people outside the walls. IBAGXJE, e'ca-ga'. CapiUl of the Depart- ment of Tolima, Colombia, situated 60 miles west of Bogota, on a fertile plain, at an altitude of over 4000 feet (Map: Colombia, B 3). It has a tem- perate and healthful climate, and is a prosperous and important town, with a number of sulphur and silver mines in its vicinity. Its population is estimated at 12,000. Ibague was founded in 1550, and was in 1854 the temporary capital of the Republic. IBAJAY, e'Ba-111'. A town of Panay, in the Province of Capiz, Philippines, situated about 62 miles northwest of Capiz and near the Point of Potol, where the town formerly stood, and where much amber is collected (Map: Philippine Is- lands, G 8). Population, in 1898, 11,350. IBAIiONE, e'sa-lf/na. The ancient name of the Vicol tribe in the Philippine Islands (q.v.), especially on Albay Island. IBANAG, e'Ba-niig'. The speech of the Cag- ayane people in Luzon. See Philippine Islands. IBAnEZ DE IBAifEZ DE IBERO, e nii'- n3'ath da e-Ba'nyath di e-Ba'ro, Carlos, Marquis of Mulhacen (1825-91). A Spanish military en- gineer and geodetist, born in Barcelona. As a result of his work in geodesy and geography, he was given the title of Marquis of Mulhacen, and was elected to many scientific societies. His pub- lications include: Base central de la triatxjula- cion geodt-sica de Espafia (1865); Descripcidn geod^.^ica de las islas Baleares (3 vols., 1871) ; and Tableau g^ographique et statistique de I'Es- pagne (1888). IBABRA, f-n-ir'ra. The capital of the De- partment of Imbabura, Ecuador, situated at an altitude of over 7000 feet, (iO miles northeast of Quito (Map: Ecuador, B 3). It has some cotton and woolen mills, and a population of about 10,- 000. Once a considerable town with a population of about 16,000, Ibarra was almost wholly de- stroyed by the earthquake of 1868. IBARRA, Joaquin (1725-85). A Spanish printer, born at Saragossa. lie was appointed Court ])rinter at ^Madrid. The following works from his press are among the masterpieces of the art of printing: A translation of Sallust by the Infante Don Gabriel (1772) ; an edition of Cer- vantes's Don Quixote (4 vols, quarto. 1780; 4 vols, octavo, 1782) ; the Historia di Hisjiana of Mariana (2 vols., 1780) ; and several fine edi- tions of the Bible. IBERCOTJRT, ft'bflr'koor', Henbt Louis d' (1771-1818). A Flemish traveler, horn in Mons. His joumeyings began in the West India Islands, and extended over a great part of South America. His narrations include: L'Am6rique d^roilde (1811); Voyage en Chili (1812); and A'oi/reatt traits stir les Ugumincuscs de I'Ami^rique du Sud (1815). He also wrote a romance, Un rnyageur rnptif en Patagonie (1814), and a pamphlet. La constitution des Etats-Uni.i, est-rlle ai>plirahle d VEuropef (1818). which so deeply ofTcnded the
