IDOMENEUS. 449 IFFLAND. safety, and receive there in due time an honorable burial. In later writers he was represented as vowin;; during a storm to sacrifice to Poseidon the first living thing that met him on a safe return to Crete. The victim was his son, and his sub- jects drove him forth. He wandered to Calabria, wlicre he built a temple to Athena, and later from Italy to Asia ilinor, where he established a shrine of Apollo, near Colophon. Here he died and was buried. IDRAC, s'drak',ANTOi>;E { 1849-84) . A French sculptor, born at Toulouse. He studied under Guilhiume. Cavelicr, and Falgui&re, and at twen- ty-four won the Prix de Rome. He displayed es- pecial mastery of the nude and was rapidly rising in his profession when he died, aged thirty-five. Idrac's works are: "Cupid Stung by a Bee," a theme of the Greek antliology (1878), bought by the French Government ; "ilercurj' Discovering the Caduceus," a marble figure which won the first medal and is now in the Luxembourg ilu- scum; and a '•Salambo" (1882), which showed his ability to represent the supple nude form, won him the French Legion of Honor and received a first prize at the Munich Exposition of 1883. IDKIA, e'dre-a. An important mining town in tiie Austrian Crownland of Carniola, situated in a deep caldron-shaped valley on the Idriza, 2-Z miles west-southwest of Laibach (Map: Austria, D 4). Idria is famous for its quick- silver-mines, believed to be the richest in Europe. They were discovered in 1497, and have been operated by the State since 1580, employing altogether about 1.500 persons, and yielding over 500 tons of quicksilver annually. Poptilation, in 18!I0, 50S4; in 1900. 5772. IDRISITES. A d-nasty of Arab rulers in the iiortliwpst of .Vfrica. The founder of the line was Idris of the race of Ali, who about 785 united a number of the native Berber tribes into a king- dom under his sway. His son Idris II. founded Fez and greatly increased his possessions by eon- quest, but on his death the kingdom vas divided among his sons, and, thus weakened, it fell an easy prey to the power of the Fatimites in the third der-aile of the tenth centuiy. IDTTMiE'A. See Eoosr. IDTJN, e'doUn (Icel. Ijiunn; connected with I', energy, i]>cnn, energetic, OHG. ila. energy-). The name of a goddess of Scandinavian mythol- ogy-. She was the daughter of the dwarf Ivald ; Imt being received among the -Esir, she became tlie wife of Bragi. Idun possessed a box of apples, by the use of which the gods preserved their perpetual youth. She was carried off by the giant Tliiassi, with the assistance of Loki. But the gods, beginning to grow old and gray without their apples, sent Loki after her. and. changing himself into a falcon and Idun into a nut. he returned with her to Asgard. In this myth Tdun represents spring, and Thiassi winter. According to Sophus Bugge. the main story may be closely connected with the Greek myth of the golden apples of the Hesperides in an Irish ver- sion. The introduction of edible apples at a time wlien this fruit was unknown in the North seems to imply a foreign source. IDTA. A poetical name of Britannia. naYI,, or I'DYLL (from Fr. idylle, Lat. iih/llium. from Gk. etlvWiov. eidyllion. short poem, from cISof, eidos. form, scene). A term generally used to designate a species of poems representing scenes of pastoral or out-of-door life. It is, however, an error to suppose that the idyl is exclusivel}' pastoral ; certainly, there is no warrant for such a notion in either ancient or modern usage. Of the thirty -one idyls attributed to Theocritus, only ten are bucolic. IDYLLS OF THE KING. Twelve poems by Tennyson, published between 1842 and 1885, based on the Arthurian romances. The titles are: "The Coming of Arthur," "Gareth and Lynette," "The Marriage of Geraint," "Gerainl and Enid," "Balin and Balan," "Merlin and Vivien," "Lancelot and Elaine," "The Holy Grail," "Pelleas and Ettarre," "The Last Tourna^ ment," "Guinevere," "The Passing of Arthur." IDZU, e'dzfio. One of the fifteen provinces of .Tapan which make up the Tokaido or 'East Sea Circuit,' and through which the highway called the Tokaido runs. It is a mountainous penin- sula, with numerous bays and promontories, 32 miles long and 16 wide, lying between the bays of Sagami on the cast and Suruga on the west. Geologically and orographically it forms part of the volcanic range of mountains with which the name Hakone is associated. Its most important river is the Kanogawa, which flows north into Suruga Bay, and its highest peak is Amagi-san, with a height of about 4800 feet. 'Its chief towns are Mishima, on the Tokaido, and the small but beautiful port of Shimoda, on the southeast coast. The rearing of silkworms and the reeling of silk form the principal industry of the penin- sula. It abounds in hot springs and watering- places, the chief of which is Atami. about 45 miles from Yokohama. To Idzu belong, both geologically and politically, the 'Seven Volcanic Islands,' of which Oshima or Vrics Island, 38 miles from the mainland, is the chief, and fur- ther south Hachi-joshima, long used as a place of banishment. See Rein, i/ap'ui (London, 1884) ; and Satow and Hawes, Handbook for Travellers in Central and Xorthern Japan (Yokohama, ISSl). lERNE, i-er'ne. An ancient Greek name foi Ireland. IF, ef. A rocky island about two miles west of ilarseilles, with a castle, the Chateau d'lf. built in 1529, and later used as a State prison. In it Mirabeau, Philippe Egalite. and others were confined. The castle is most widely known through Dumas's Count of Monte Cris'o. IFFLAND, efl.Hnt, Augu.st ^VII,IIEI.^t (1759- 1814). A German actor and dramatist. He was born at Hanover and was intended for the Church, but before he was nineteen the stage had become his choice. He went to Gotha. where he studied under Gotter. Beck, Beil. and Ekhof. and thence in 1779 to ^fannheim, where he first became fa- mous. Differences with his manager induced Iflland in 1796 to accept the post of director in the Berlin National Theatre. Fifteen years after- wards he was made superintendent of all the royal theatres, and under his management the Berlin stage reached its highest point. But he was not merely an able manager. As an actor he showed himself artistic, painstaking, and minute. strong in comedy of every-dav life. Voice and figure unfitted him for tragedy. For the stage he translated and wrote himself, for the most part, plays of over-great sentiment, and too
