IFEK. 744 IPOMCEA. houses are large mid hniiiUoiiie, nnd ns a rule linvo gardens in whit'li Iruil and mulberry trees are cultivated. Silk is extensively ^pun, and arms are nianufaetured. Im-k has a eclebrated monastery, the former residence of the Servian ]iatriarchs. Population, about 10,500, mostly .Mohamnu'dan SI;is, IPHIC'RATES (T,at.. from Ok. 'l<t>iKpdTr,s, Iphikrnli'x) . .
.Xtbi-nian ^'eneral of the first
lialt of the fourth eeiitury ii.i'. He was of humble |iarenlage. At an early ajie he bi'^-aii hi> military career in the so-called Corinthian War. He was in command of the .Vthenian tioops at l.ccha'uni, near Corinth, in B.C. 393, where the .Spartans were vietorions over the allies. Immediately after he proceeded to introduce important changes in the armor and discipline of his troops. W ith a band of the liglitarmed troops, called intttixls, he unexpc<tedly fell upon and destrovc<l or put to rout a l,ac<'da'monian n<irn. six liimdred strong, near Corinth. In n.c. :!Sil he was sent to 'I'hracc to combat . axibius. By a well-planned attack he inflicted a crushing ilcfeat upon the I.aicila'monian commander. After the Peace of .Antalcidas (B.C. .'iS" ) Iphicratcs remained in 'I'hrai-e, employing his peltasts in the service, first of King Seuthos, and then of King Cotys. In B.C. .178 he was sent, at the rccpicst of I'harna- ba/.us, to assist .Vrtaxerxcs II. in reconquering Egypt, but the undertaking was a failure. In lie. 373 he was ai)pointed joint admiral with two others to go to the relief of Corcyra. in which he was .successful. In n.c. 3(ifl he was sent to the neighborhood of Corinth to assist the Spar- tans against the Thebans. and later in the same year he commanded a small squadron on the coast ol .Macedonia. He remained in this neighborhood three years, and was instrumental in retaining the family of .myntas on the throne of Mace- donia. He later held a coiiiniand in the Social War. but was arraigned, on a charge preferred by ("hares, his colleague, for neglect of duty and traitorous conduct in the battle at the Hellespont. He was ae<[uitted, thouu'li his colleague Timo- theus. who was arraigned at the same time and on the same charge, was fined 100 talents. Iphic- ratcs died in Thrace, in B.C. 353. IPHTGENI'A (l.at.. from Gk. 'I0i7^«ia, //i/iif/' »'ia) . According to the usual Orccian leg- end, a daughter of Agamemnon and Clytcmnestra. Her father having otTendcd .-Vrtemis, the Creek fleet, when on its way to Troy, was detained at .■ulis by calms and a plague. Calchas, the seer, declared that only the sacrifice of Iphigenia could appease the goddess. At the altar the god- dess took pity on the victim, substituted a hind, and carried Iphigenia in a cloud to Taiiris. where she liecame priestess of the Tauric .rtemis. to whom strangers were'ofTered in sacrifice. Thither came her brother Orestes (q.v.). who was on the point of being sacrificed when he was recognized by his sister. Together they (led with the sacred vooden image of .rtemis to Sparta, Argos, or, according to the .-Mtic version, to Braiiron in .■ttica. where Iphigenia's grave was shown. Hcsiod declared Iphigenia did not die. but was by .rteinis made the gorldess Hecate. The leg- end is unknown to the Homeric poems, but was told in the f'l/prin, and later became very popu- lar, esiiecially thro>i<rh the influence of the Athe- nian dramatists. The story is also represented on late vases, sarcophagi, and Pompeian wall- paintings, fphigenia is originally a goddess akin to Artemis, and worshiju'd in early times with bloody rites. IPHIGENIA AMONG THE TAU'RI (Ok. ^I0(7^r£(a ij iv Tai'pois, 1 phiytiitia hi rn Tiiuruii.) . A play of I'Juripides, produced about n.c. 412, continuing the story oif Iphigenia after her rescue from the sacrifice, and her transporta- tion to Tauris, where she is made the priestess of .rteiiiis. Urestcs. pursued by Furies, comes with his friend Pylades to Tauris, and is to he sacrificed to the goddess, when he is made known to his sisti'r in a foucliing scene, and cjirrics her back to their land. The play is original, and careful in plot, and is the liest known of the works of Euripides. IPHIGENIA AT AUTLIS (Glc. 'I0ty«.a^/.' AvXtSi, Jiiliiyinciu he cii Anlidi). A play by I'.uripides, produced after his death by bis son in B.C. 405. Us subject is the intended sacri- fice of Iphigenia, who is saved by Artemis by the substitution of another victim. The play, which is probably the last written by Euripides, seems to have been left unlinislied. Of his trag- edies, it alone has no prologue. IPHIGENIE, efi-'zhi'n6'. A tragedy by Rji- ciiii', ilcaling with the (Ircck story of Iphigenia, first produced at N'ersailles in 1074. In the play Hacinc follows closely tile model of the plays of Euripides, at the same time pi'odiicing a separate work of art which ranks as a masterpiece. In the French plav the lii script ion of the characters is more explicit than in the (Ircek. and some new elements are introduciMl. while .Menelaus disa))- pears and I'lysses is brought ill to take his place. IPHIGENIE AUF TAURIS, {■•{{-fta'nic ouf tou'ris (Ocr.. Iphigenia in Tauris). A metrical drama by Ooethe produced in 1780. (ioethe had Iircvioiisiy made a prose version, begun in Febru- ary. 177!i. :iiid i>n'siiitcil lit court on April 0th. IPHIGENIE EN AULIDE, .'•'f.'.'zha'nA' iiN'- iio'led' ( Fr.. Iphigenia in Aulis). An opera by Oluck (1774). IPHIGENIE EN TAURIDE, iix tAr.d' I Fr.. Iphigenia in Taiiri-i. .
opera by Olink
11770). IPHIGENIE IN DELPHI. A dramatic poem by Friedrich Halm (185(i), a continuation of Ooethe's Iphificnic. I'PHIS (Lat.. from Ok. 'l^isl. A Cretan girl, brought up as a boy. betrothed to lanthe. ami at her mother's entreaty changcil into a man by Isis on the wedding-day. IPIALES, e-pyii'lAs. A town of Colombia, situated ill tlic western part of the Department of Caiica. on the frontier of Ecuador (Map: (.'oliimbia. B 3). It lies at an altitude of over 10.000 feet, and has a custom house. The popu- lation is estimated at over 10.000. IP'OM(E'A (Xeo-T.at.. from Ok. r^, ips. worm + I'lfuiMi. hoiDolns. like). , genus of the nat- ural order Convolvulaceie. difTering verj- little from the genus Convolvulus, embracing about 400 species of tropical and warm temperate plants. The species are mostly twining or trailing herbs and shrubs, although in the tropics a few become arborescent. Many are cultivated for their beau- tiful flowers, as the morning-glory and moon- flower: others for their thick fleshy roots, as the sweet potato (Ipointid liiiliiliix) and jalap (q.T.) ilpomrrii I'urga) . The large flesliy roots of
