ISAURIA. 808 ISEO. by plunder. They displajcd an indomitable spirit from the earliest times, and with their C'ilician neighbors they ravaged the Eastern waters with their piracies. In B.C. 78 they were reduced to a temporarj- submission by the Ro- mans, but soon renewed their raids. The Ro- mans endeavored to surroimd their country with a chain of fortresses. In the third century a.u. they formed one nation with the C'ilicians. and one of their number proclaimed himself Roman ICmperor. but was ])ut to death. A native of l>-auria. Zeno. was Byzantine Emperor at the time of the fall of the Western Empire. The capital. I.saura, at the foot of Mount Taurus, the only important eity. was a large, rich, and well-fortified place. It was burned, together with its inhabitants, by the Isaurians when un- alle to withstand the siege of the Regent Per- diccas, in the fourth century n.c. The country was rocky and barren, producing chiefly the vine, which was cultivated with care. ISCHIA, es'ki-a. An island of Southern Italy, lying between the Bay of Naples and the Gulf of Gaeta, seven miles southwest of Cape Miseno. the nearest point of the mainland (Map: Italy. H 7|. Area. 17j square miles; population (1001), 26.891, chiefly engaged in the manufac- ture of pottery and straw hats and in fisheries. It is of volcanic origin, and is rocky and moun- tainous throughout, the highest jioint being the volcano Epomeo. Xcvertheless it is verj' fertile, and is famous for its wine, as well as for its exquisite scenery and climate, which make it one of the favorite resorts of tourists. It is con- nected by steamers with the mainland. It mar- kets white wine and fruit. The largest town is Forio. on the west coast, while the one most vis- ited by tourists is Casamieeiola. famous for its hot mineral springs. Ischia is the capital. The island was first settled by Greek colonists, who abandoned it on accoimt of its dangerous vol- canic activity. It has been a number of times visited by earthquakes, especially in 1883. when the towns of Forio. Casamieeiola. and Laceo Ameno were destroyed, and several thousand persons killed. ISCHXj, ish"l. A celebrated watering-place, in the Crownland of Upper Austria, picturesquely situated in the centre of the Salzkanimergut, over 1.500 feet above the .sea-level, on a pen- insula formed by the rivers Traun and Ischl, 28 miles east-southeast of Salzburg (Map: Austria, C 3). It has a fine parish church, a Kurhaus. a theatre, and a number of tine villas, including an imperial villa. There are salt and sulphur springs, nuid, pine-needle, vapor, and other baths, and a hydropathic establishment. Ischl is the summer residence of the imperial family, and is well patronized bj' the Austrian nol)ilit3' as well as by foreigners, the annual number of guests be- ing about 2.5.000. In the vicinity are extensive .salt-works, from which the brine is conducted to Ischl and there evaporated. Population of the commune, in 1900. 9C46. IS^, e'sS. One of the central provinces of .Ta- pan. bordering on Owari Bay. and adjoining Yamato on the west. It is included in the Pre- fecture of Miye. and contains several busy towns, the chief of which are Tsu. 25.000 inhabitants; Yamada, 23.000; and Kuwana. 20.131. Xear Yamada are the celebrated Shinto shrines, called by the Japanese Rio-dai-jin-gu, 'Two-great- divine-temples,' which rank first among all the shrines of Japan in point of sanctity, but not in point of antiquity. These shrines are annu- ally visited by tens of thousands of i)ilgrims, who return with charms (consisting of chips of the wood), to be placed in the little shrine which stands on the Kami-Jana, or "god-shelf,' found in every .lapanesc house. Everj' six months there is a great festival, which is supposed to elFcct the purification of the whole nation from the sins of the preceding six months, and the possessor of a fragment of the cedar wands ised in these festivals is protected from mislortuno for the next six months. For a full account of th^ buildings, their arrangements, ceremonies, and the gods here honored, see the paper by Sir Ernest Satow in vol. ii. of the Tran.iaclions of Ihc Asiiilic Society of Japan (Yokohama, 1874). ISEGHEM, e'sc-cem. A town of Belgium, in the Province of West Flanders, situated 23 miles by rail from Bruges (Map: Belgium, B 4). It manufactures woolen, linen, and lace. Popula- tion, in 1890. 99(15: in 1900. 12.100. ISEGRIM, e'zc-grim, ISENGRim, ISGRIM (MHG. Isciignm, Iron helmet). In German ani- mal-epos, the name of the wolf. ISELIN, *z'la.N', IlE.NRi FbISd^bic (I825-). A French sculptor, born at Clairegoutte llaute- Saone. He studied his art under Rude in Paris, and speedily made a name for himself by his por- trait busts, which he exhibited at the Salon in 1849. His "Jean Goujon" (1852) wa.s bought by the nation, and other samples of his work are to be seen in the museums of Rouin and Versailles, the Luxembourg, the Paris Opera House and Hotel dc Ville. the Louvre. an<l else- where. Each is marked by sympathetic delinea- tion of the character of the person represented, whether it be Pre>ident Boileau, Napoleon III., August in Thierry, the Duke de Morny, or Admi- ral Montaignac. M. Iselin received several medals and the cross of the I.egion of Honor. IS'ENBRAS, or IS'UMBKAS, Sir. A hero of mediieval stories, originally presumptuous, but humbled by adversity. ISEO, e-za'6. Lake, called also Lake Sebino (Lai. l.ncus .S'eriHiis). A lake in Lombardy, Xorth Italy. 15 miles northwest of Brescia (Map: Italy, E 2). It is 605 feet above the ?ca, 1.5 miles long, from 1 to 3 miles broad, and its greatest depth is 820 feet. In shape it re- sembles the letter S. Through it flows the Oglio. In the middle of the lake is an island two n'iles long, ?ulminating in Mount Isola, 1005 feet above the sea. The population of the island in 1901 was 1290. Along the east side of the lake, over deep valleys and through lofty gal- leries, runs the highway from Iseo to Pisogne. Xorth of the lake are to be seen the snow- covered Adamello Mountains. A steamer con- nects Sarnico and Iseo at the southern ex- tremity of the lake with Pisogne and Lovere
- it the northern extremity. Iseo. which in 1901
had a population of 3060, markets wine, grain, olives, and chestnuts; it dyes and spins silk. There are ancient walls and a castle, and a com- mimal theatre. Lovere. which in 1901 had a population of 3344. markets wine and cattle and spins silk. Its handsome church, Santa Maria in Valvendra. built in 1473, and restored in 1547. 1751. and 1888, contains frescoes by Far- ramola and old paintings.
