HILGAKD. HILL. He gave especial allentioii tn microscopic studies of lower organic life until his liealtli failed, wlien lie came to Xew York and engaged in the study of terrestrial physics with his brother Julius. His puhlished works, besides pa|)ers ap- pearing in the annals of various scienlitic so- cieties, include: Experimental Ob-ictvuliuns on Taste and timcll (1854) ; Exposition of Satural Series i)i the Veyctable Kinijdom (1858); I'hyl- lotaxis: Its Xiimeric and Divcrgcntial Law (1859). HILGENFELD, liil'gcn-fi-lt, Adolf (1823-). An (ininiiil inrnian Protestant theologian, of the Tubingen school, born at Stappenbeck. and edu- cated at Berlin and Halle. In 1847 he became privat-docent, and three years later professor, at Jena. Editor of the Zeitschrift fiir tcissen- Kchaftliehe Thcoloijie (1858 sqq. ), he wrote: Die Clement inischcn Rekognitionen und llomilien ( 1848) ; Das Evangelium und die liriefc Juhannia nach ihren Lchrhegriff (1S4!1) ; [rher die Evan- ijclien Justins, etc. (1850): Das Markiisciangc- lium (1850): Dcr (Inlalerhrief (1852); Das Vrchrislentum (1855): Die jiidisehe .Ipokalyp- lik (1857) ; Der Kanon und die Eritik des SeucH Testaments (1863); Xovum Tcstamentum extra f'anonem Keeeptum (2d ed. 1876-84) ; flisloriseh- Krilisehe Einlcitung in das Xeue Testament (1875); Ketzergesehichle des Vrehrislentiims (1884) ; Judenlum und Judrnehrislrnlum {HSC>) ; an edition of Hermas's Pastor (1887) ; and Acta Aptjstolorum (Irwee et Latine Secundum Aniiquis- simos Testes (1899). HILIGUAYNA, A-h'-gwi'na. Hiligueyxa. or Hn.Ti;v()V.A. . Visayan dialect in Panay Island, Philippine Islands (q.v.). HILL, Aaron (l()85-c.l750). An eccentric English author, born in London. lie treated in his verse many themes, from the creation of the world to doomsday. Elfrid (1710) is the earliest of eight dramatic pieces, either original or adapt- ed. In conjunction with William Hond he edited an imitation of the Spectator, called the Plain Dealer (1724). His pm'ms and letters were col- lected in 175."5, and his plays in 1760. HILL, Abigail. Favorite of Queen Anne of England. See Ma.siiam, Auigail. HILL, Ambrose Powell (1S25-G5). An American soldier, prominent on the f'onfederate side in the Civil War. He was born in (?ul[)eper County, Va.: graduated at West Point in 1847, and served in the Tnited States artillery in the .Mexican War: in Florida, against the Seminoles; and on the Coast Survey, but resigned in JIarch, 1861, to accept a commission as colonel in the Confederate service. At the battle of Beaver Dam Creek. .lune. 1862, his troops took part in the attack on the Federal position, and on the retreat of the latter to Gaines's Mill and New Cold Harbor pursued and again attacked them, only to be again repulsed. At .Vntietam, September 17, 1862, he arrived just in time to stay the Federals, who were sweeping all before them, and so afTordcd T.ee an opportunity to draw oflT his exhausted army. He commanded a divi- sion under .Tackson at Frcdericksburtr. December 1.3, 1862. At Chancellorsville. M.ay 2-4. 1863. he commanded the rescr"e : and it was bis troops who. on being moved to the front to take the place of the decimated resiments that had borne the brunt of the first dav's fishting. mistook .Jackson's escort for Federals, and fired the fatal volley which caused Jackson's death. On May 10, 1863, tJeneral Lee reorganized his army, mak- ing three corps instead of two, and gave one corps to Hill, who at the same time was made a lieu- tenant-general. This corps he led in the battle of (jettysburg, and from the Wildeniess until ho met his death while reconnoitring at Petersburg, April 2, 1865. HILL, Benjamin- Harvey (1823-82). An American legi.-lator. He was born in Georgia; graduated at the Slate Lniversity in 1844, and within a year began the practice of law. In 1851 he was elected to the Stale l>egislalurc as a Whig. He was a I'nionist member of the State Secession Congress in 1861, but after striving vainly to prevent his State from seceding sup- ported the movement. He was a member of the Provisional Confederate Congress the same year, and was soon afterwards chosen to the Confed- erate Senate. In 1865 he was for a short time a prisoner of war in Xcw York. After the war he was an earnest Democrat, and denounced the reconstruction acts of Congress, his S'oles on the Hilualion. (1867-68) attracting wide attention. He supporteil Horace tircdcy for the Presidency in 1872, and was defeated for the I'nilcd .States Senate in the following year. He became a mem- ber of the House of Representatives in 1875, and in 1876 was elected to the United .States Senate, in which body he served until his death. A statue of him was erected in .llanla in 1886. Con- sult Benjamin H. Hill, Jr. (editor). The Life. Speeches, and 'Writings of Benjamin Harvey Hill (Atlanta, 1891). HILL, Daniel Harvey (1821-89). An Ameri- can siildier ill llie (confederate .service, and an educator, born in Sciutli Carolina. He graduated at A'est Point in 1842, and served in the Mexican War, f(ir his gallantry in which he was brevctled Inajor. He resigned in 1849. and became a pro- fessor in Washington College, Lexington, Va., iind later tilled a similar position in Davidson College. North Carolina. In 1859 he became superintendent of the North Carolina Military Institute, at Charlotte, but resigned in 1861 to enter the Confederate service. He commanded at the battle of Big Bethel, June 10, 1861. and was soon afterwards promoted to be a brigadier- general. He fought against McClellan in the Peninsular campaign, and was esp<'cially con- spicuous at the battle of Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, May 31 and .Tune 1. 1862. He was with A. P. Hill at the battle of Beaver Dam Creek, and participated in that of Oaines's Jlill. At Sotith Mountain, September 14. 1862. with only 9000 men, he managed to hrdd the whole Federal army in check until Lee was able to get his trains and artillery out of danger, and then joined the main army in lime to take part in the battle fif Antietam on the 17th. He was ap|>ointed a lieu- tenant-general by President Davis in .July. 1863, and was placed in command of .a corps in Gen- eral Bragg's army, with which he fought at the battle of Chiekamauga, Septcmlwr 19-20. 1863. In the last year of the war he fought under .Joseph E. .Johnston at the battle of Bcntonville, N. C, and laid down his arms at Durham Sta- tion, on April 26. 1865. After the war he was for a number of years editor of a monthly magazine entitle<l The Land We />oi'c. and later edited the flonthern Home. From 1877 until 1884 he Was president of the Arkansas Industrial University,
